Balinese numerals
The Balinese language has an elaborate decimal numeral system.
Basic numerals
The numerals 1–10 have basic, combining, and independent forms, many of which are formed through reduplication. The combining forms are used to form higher numbers. In some cases there is more than one word for a numeral, reflecting the Balinese register system; halus forms are listed in italics.Final orthographic -a is a schwa .
Numeral | Basic | Combining | Independent |
1 | besik | a-, sa-* | abesik, aukud |
1 | siki | a-, sa-* | abesik, aukud |
2 | dua | duang- | dadua |
2 | kalih | kalih- | kakalih |
3 | telu | telung- | tetelu |
3 | tiga | tigang- | tetiga |
4 | pat | petang- | papat |
5 | lima | limang- | lelima |
6 | nem | nem- | nenem |
7 | pitu | pitung- | pepitu |
8 | kutus | kutus-, ulung- | akutus |
9 | sia | sia-, sangang- | Asia |
10 | dasa | dasa- | adasa |
Teens, tweens, and tens
Like English, Balinese has compound forms for the teens and tens; however, it also has a series of compound 'tweens', 21–29. The teens are based on a root *-welas, the tweens on -likur, and the tens are formed by the combining forms above. Hyphens are not used in the orthography, but have been added to the table below to clarify their derivation.Unit | Teens | Tweens | Tens |
1 | solas 11 | se-likur 21 | |
2 | rolas 12 | dua-likur 22 | duang-dasa 20 |
2 | rolas 12 | kalih-likur | kalih-dasa |
3 | telu-las 13 | telu-likur 23 | telung-dasa 30 |
3 | telu-las 13 | tigang-likur | tigang-dasa |
4 | pat-belas 14 | pat-likur 24 | petang-dasa 40 |
5 | lim-olas 15 | salaé 25 | seket 50 |
6 | nem-belas 16 | nem-likur 26 | nem-dasa 60 |
7 | pitu-las 17 | pitu-likur 27 | pitung-dasa 70 |
8 | pelekutus 18 | ulu-likur 28 | kutus-dasa, ulung-dasa 80 |
9 | siang-olas 19 | sanga-likur 29 | sia-dasa, sangang-dasa 90 |
The high-register combining forms kalih- 2 and tigang- 3 are used with -likur, -dasa, and higher numerals, but not for the teens.
The teens are from Javanese, where the -olas forms are regular, apart from pele-kutus 18, which is suppletive. Sa-laé 25, and se-ket 50 are also suppletive, and cognate with Javanese səlawé 25 and səkət 50.
There are additional numerals pasasur ~ sasur 35 and se-timahan ~ se-timan 45, and a compound telung-benang for 75.
Higher numbers
The unit combining forms are combined with atus 100, atak 200, amas 400, tali 1000, laksa 10,000, keti 100,000, and yuta 1,000,000 as they do with dasa 10:100 | s-atus |
200 | s-atak |
300 | telung-atus ' |
400 | s-amas |
500 | limang-atus |
600 | telung-atak ' |
700 | pitung-atus |
800 | domas |
900 | sanga |
1000 | siu |
1200 | nem-bangsit |
2000 | duang-tali |
1,000,000 | a-yuta |
Atak is a 'bundle' and amas is 'gold'. In addition, there is karobelah 150, lebak 175, and sepa for 1600. At least karobelah has a cognate in Javanese, ro-bəlah, where ro- is the short form for two.