B Division (New York City Subway)
The New York City Subway's B Division consists of the lines that operate with lettered services, as well as the Franklin Avenue and Rockaway Park Shuttles. These lines and services were operated by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation and city-owned Independent Subway System before the 1940 city takeover of the BMT. B Division rolling stock is wider, longer, and heavier than those of the A Division, measuring by.
The B Division is broken down into two subdivisions, B1 and B2, for chaining purposes. The two former systems are still sometimes referred to as the BMT Division and IND Division.
List of lines
The following lines are part of the B Division :- IND Second Avenue Line
- BMT Fourth Avenue Line
- IND Sixth Avenue Line
- IND Eighth Avenue Line
- 60th Street Tunnel Connection
- BMT 63rd Street Line
- IND 63rd Street Line
- BMT Archer Avenue Line
- IND Archer Avenue Line
- BMT Astoria Line
- BMT Brighton Line
- BMT Broadway Line
- BMT Canarsie Line
- Chrystie Street Connection
- IND Concourse Line
- IND Crosstown Line
- IND Culver Line
- BMT Franklin Avenue Shuttle
- IND Fulton Street Line
- BMT Jamaica Line
- BMT Myrtle Avenue Line
- BMT Nassau Street Line
- IND Queens Boulevard Line
- IND Rockaway Line
- BMT Sea Beach Line
- BMT West End Line
History
Early history
The oldest line to become part of the B Division was the BMT Lexington Avenue Line, opened in 1885. A large system of elevated railways in Brooklyn was formed by 1908 by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, crossing the Brooklyn Bridge and Williamsburg Bridge to Manhattan terminals. With the Dual Contracts, signed in 1913, the BRT acquired extensions outward into Queens, as well as through Lower and Midtown Manhattan. The BRT became the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation in 1923 after a bankruptcy.The Independent Subway System was created by the city in the 1920s and 1930s as a third system, operated by the city, competing with the BMT and Interborough Rapid Transit Company. The city took over operations of the BMT and IRT in 1940, consolidating ownership of the three systems into one. Since the original IRT tunnels were smaller, it has remained a separate division to this day.
IND before 1967
IND services were labeled on maps and signs starting with the opening of the first line in 1932. Six letters - A to F - were assigned to the major services, sorted by the north terminal and midtown line, and express services had single letters, while local services had double letters. G and H were assigned to lesser services, which did not enter Manhattan. The following labels were used from 1940 to 1967:| Name | North end/type | |
| Eighth Avenue Express | Washington Heights | |
| Eighth Avenue Local | Washington Heights | |
| Sixth Avenue Local | Washington Heights | |
| Eighth Avenue Local | Concourse | |
| Sixth Avenue-Houston Street Express | Concourse | |
| Eighth Avenue Express | Queens-Jamaica | |
| Sixth Avenue Express | Queens-Jamaica | |
| Crosstown Local | Brooklyn-Queens | |
| HH | Fulton Street Local | N/A |
| HH | Rockaway Local | N/A |
Consolidation of operations
Until 1954 and 1955, when the Culver Ramp and 60th Street Tunnel Connection opened, the BMT and IND trackage was not connected. The early joint services using these connections operated similarly to trackage rights; it was not until the Chrystie Street Connection opened in 1967 that the ex-BMT and IND systems were consolidated operationally.Beginning in 1924, BMT services were designated by number. The city assigned letters - generally following the IND pattern of double letters for local services - in the early 1960s to prepare for the 1967 Chrystie Street Connection. Only Southern Division routes were labeled on maps, but all services except remnants of the old els were assigned letters:
| Old | New | Name |
| 1 | Brighton Express via Bridge | |
| 1 | QB | Brighton Local via Bridge |
| 1 | QT | Brighton Local via Tunnel |
| 1 | QJ | Brighton-Nassau Loop via Tunnel |
| 2 | RR | Fourth Avenue Local via Tunnel |
| 2 | RJ | Fourth Avenue-Nassau Loop via Bridge |
| 3 | T | West End Express via Bridge |
| 3 | TT | West End Local via Tunnel |
| 4 | N | Sea Beach Express via Bridge |
| 5 | N/A | Culver Shuttle |
| 6 | N/A | Fifth Avenue-Bay Ridge Line |
| 7 | SS | Franklin Avenue Line |
| 8 | N/A | Astoria Line |
| 9 | N/A | Flushing Line |
| 10 | M | Myrtle Express |
| 11 | MJ | Myrtle Local |
| 12 | N/A | Lexington Avenue Line |
| 13 | N/A | Fulton Street Line |
| 14 | KK | Broadway Brooklyn Local |
| 15 | J | Jamaica Express |
| 15 | JJ | Jamaica Local |
| 16 | L | 14th Street Express |
| 16 | LL | 14th Street Local |
Unofficially signed as "M", or sometimes "S".
In 1967, the Culver and Franklin Shuttles became SS - the standard shuttle designation - and the Myrtle Local, discontinued in 1969) was labeled MJ.
After 1967
The 1967 opening of the Chrystie Street Connection resulted in a number of changes. The following services have been operated since then:- A Eighth Avenue Express, 1967–present
- B Sixth Avenue Express, 1967–present
- C Eighth Avenue Local, 1967–present
- D Sixth Avenue Express, 1967–present
- E Eighth Avenue Local, 1967–present
- EE Broadway Local, 1967–1976
- F Sixth Avenue Local, 1967–present
- G Brooklyn-Queens Crosstown Local, 1967–present
- J Nassau Street Express, 1967–present
- K Broadway Brooklyn Local, 1967–1976
- K Eighth Avenue Local, 1967 - 1988
- L 14th Street-Canarsie Local, 1967–present
- M Nassau Street Local, 1967–2010; Sixth Ave Local, 2010–present
- MJ Myrtle Avenue Local, 1967–1969
- N Broadway Express, 1967–present
- NX Broadway Express, 1967–1968
- Q Broadway Express, 1967–present
- R Broadway Local, 1967–present
- RJ Nassau Street Local, 1967–1968
- S Franklin Avenue Shuttle, 1967–present
- S Rockaway Park Shuttle, 1967–1972, 1985–present
- SS Culver Shuttle, 1967–1975
- TT West End Shuttle, 1967–1968
- V Sixth Avenue Local, 2001–2010
- W Broadway Local, 2001–2010, 2016–present
- Z Nassau Street Express, 1988–present