653

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Emperor Constans II voluntarily surrenders Armenia to the Arabs, following a truce with Muawiyah, governor of Syria. Muawiyah grants the Armenians virtual autonomy, and appoints the nakharar Theodor Rshtuni as ruler of Armenia.
• Muawiyah leads a raid against Rhodes, taking the scattered pieces of the Colossus of Rhodes and shipping it back to Syria, where he destroys the bronze scrap to make coins.

  Europe

• King Rodoald is murdered after a six-month reign, and is succeeded by Aripert I, who is elected as king of the Lombards. He spreads Catholicism over the Lombard realm and builds many new churches through the kingdom.
• Atto succeeds Theodelap as duke of Spoleto, in Central Italy.

  Britain

• King Penda of Mercia secures dominance over the area of Middle Anglia, where he establishes his son Peada as ruler.
• Peada marries Alchflaed, daughter of King Oswiu of Bernicia, and is baptised at Ad Murum by bishop Finan.
• King Œthelwald of Deira rejects Oswiu's overlordship, and turns to Penda instead. Penda mounts another attack against Bernicia.
• Talorgan I, nephew of Oswiu, is crowned king of the Picts. He probably accepts Northumbrian overlordship and pays tribute.
• King Sigeberht I of Essex dies after a 36-year reign, and is succeeded by his relative Sigeberht II.
• Sigeberht II is persuaded by Oswiu to adopt Christianity, as part of a mobilization against Penda.

  Asia

• Emperor Kōtoku sends an embassy to the court of the Tang Dynasty in China. Japanese ambassadors, priests and students sail for the capital Chang'an, but some of the ships are lost en route.
• Prince Tenji of Japan changes his residence to Asuka, with other imperial family members and ministers. Only Emperor Kōtoku stays in the Naniwa Palace.

  By topic

Religion

• June 17 - Pope Martin I is arrested in the Lateran in Rome, along with Maximus the Confessor, on the orders of Emperor Constans II, and taken to imprisonment in Constantinople.
• Northumbrian missionaries under St. Cedd are despatched to Essex, to found the monastery at Bradwell-on-Sea.
• The Temple of Sinheungsa in Gangwon Province is constructed by the Buddhist monk Jajang.