40th Division (United Kingdom)


The 40th Division was an infantry division of the British Army active during the First World War, where it served on the Western Front. It was a division of Lord Kitchener's New Army volunteers, mostly "bantam" recruits of below regulation height. It was later briefly reformed as a fictional deception formation in the Second World War, and during the early years of the Cold War was recreated a third time to garrison Hong Kong.

History

First World War

The 40th Division was originally formed as a Kitchener's Army 'Bantam' division between September and December 1915 for service in the First World War. 'Bantam' personnel were those who were under the Army regulation height but otherwise fit for service. It comprised the 119th, 120th, and 121st Brigades. The 40th Division moved to the Western Front in June 1916 and served there throughout the First World War.
The most notable action of the division may be its participation in the Battle of Cambrai in late 1917. By 22 November the British were left exposed in a salient on the battlefield. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front, wanted Bourlon Ridge and the exhausted 62nd Division was replaced by the 40th Division, commanded by Major-General John Ponsonby, on 23 November. Supported by almost a hundred tanks and 430 guns, the 40th attacked into the woods of Bourlon Ridge on the morning of the 23rd. They made little progress. The Germans had put two divisions of Gruppe Arras on the ridge with another two in reserve and Gruppe Caudry was reinforced. The 40th Division reached the crest of the ridge but were held there and suffered over 4,000 casualties for their efforts in three days. The division was subsequently driven back in the German counterattacks, suffering many more losses.
From July 1918 until March 1919, the division was led by General Sir William Peyton and took part in the Hundred Days advance through Flanders.

Order of Battle

The following units served with the division:
119th Brigade
'
120th Brigade
121st Brigade
Divisional Troops
  • 12th Battalion, Yorkshire Regiment
  • 17th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment
  • 244th Machine Gun Company
  • 40th Battalion M.G.C.
  • 104th Battalion M.G.C.
  • 39th Battalion M.G.C.
  • Divisional Mounted Troops
  • *A Sqn, Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry
  • *40th Divisional Cyclist Company, Army Cyclist Corps
  • 40th Divisional Train Army Service Corps
  • *225th, 226th, 227th, 228th Companies
  • *292nd, 293rd, 294th and 295th Companies 9joined by April 1916)
  • 51st Mobile Veterinary Section Army Veterinary Corps
  • 237th Divisional Employment Company
Royal Artillery
  • CLXXVIII Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
  • CLXXXI Brigade, R.F.A.
  • CLXXXV Brigade, R.F.A.
  • CLXXXVIII Brigade, R.F.A.
  • 40th Divisional Ammunition Column R.F.A.
  • V.40 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery, R.F.A.
  • X.40, Y.40 and Z.40 Medium Mortar Batteries, R.F.A.
Royal Engineers
  • 224th Field Company
  • 229th Field Company
  • 231st Company
  • 40th Divisional Signals Company
Royal Army Medical Corps'''
The Division was notionally re-formed for deception purposes by the British Army in November 1943 during the Second World War. It was formed in Sicily from the H.Q. of the 43rd Infantry Brigade and its units were designated for deception purposes as well. The division ceased to exist on 17 June 1944.

Post war

Following the increasing success of the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, the 40th Division was reformed to bolster the defences of Hong Kong in 1949 under the command of Major General G.C. Evans. In Hong Kong the Division comprised the 26th Gurkha, 27th and 28th Infantry Brigades, and 3rd Royal Tank Regiment. However the 27th Brigade was soon dispatched to Korea in August 1950, and followed by other units of the division. The Division was later disbanded.

General Officer Commanding