1806 and 1807 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 10th Congress were held at various dates in each state between April 29, 1806 and August 4, 1807 during Thomas Jefferson's second term with the new Congress meeting on October 26, 1807. The Democratic-Republicans continued to build on their huge supermajority. They were actually able to take over two more seats than they had in the previous Congress, which they controlled by a margin of better than three to one. Commitment to agrarian policy allowed the Democratic-Republicans to dominate rural districts, which represented the bulk of the nation. On the other hand, supporters of the Federalists, even in their traditional base of support in the urban centers of coastal New England, continued to lament the ineffectiveness of their party and its lack of electoral appeal.
New Jersey elected its members October 14–15, 1806. The Federalists ran a mixed ticket consisting of 2 Federalists and 4 Democratic-Republicans, one of whom was also on the Democratic-Republican ticket. The Federalists capitalized on resentment over the replacement on the official Democratic-Republican ticket of Ebenezer Elmer, from South Jersey, with Thomas Newbold from Monmouth County and the retention of James Sloan. This ticket was formed too late to gain sufficient support, but the Federalists did do much better in state elections that year than they had in previous elections.
[|New York]
New York elected representatives to the 10th Congress on April 29-May 1, 1806. This was the second and last election in which Districts 2 and 3 were elected on a joint ticket. New York redistricted in the next election.
North Carolina elected its members August 15, 1806.
Ohio
Ohio elected its member October 14, 1806. Both candidates were Democratic-Republicans, but from election articles published in The Scioto Gazette it was suggested that James Pritchard was the candidate of the Ohio Quids and that in a few counties, notably Columbiana and Jefferson, he was also supported by the Federalists.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1806.
Rhode Island elected its members August 26, 1806. Rhode Island law required a majority of votes to win. In this election, only one candidate won a majority on the first ballot, and so a run-off election was required to choose the second seat.
South Carolina
South Carolina elected its members October 13–14, 1806.
[|Tennessee]
Tennessee elected its members August 3–4, 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.
Vermont
Vermont elected its members September 2, 1806.
Virginia
Virginia elected its members in April 1807, after the Congress began but before the first session met.
Non-voting delegates
As in the previous congress, there were three territories with non-voting delegates in the 10th Congress. In Indiana Territory, the legislature elected the delegate. The source used did not have information about Mississippi or Orleans Territory. Mississippi used popular election in 1808, while Orleans Territory elected its delegate by the legislature in 1808, suggesting Orleans probably used legislative election this year, too.
