1530 in science

Botany

• Otto Brunfels begins publication of his illustrated botanical catalogue Herbarium vivae icones, based on his own observations and giving the plants their German vernacular names.

  Earth sciences

• Georgius Agricola publishes Bermannus, sive de re metallica dialogus, his first work on scientific metallurgy.

  Mathematics

• Approximate date – Jyeṣṭhadeva, a member of the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics in India, writes the Yuktibhāṣā, the world's first known text on the foundations of calculus.

  Medicine

• The name syphilis is coined by the Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fracastoro in his epic poem, Syphilis sive morbus gallicus.
• The first book devoted to dentistry, the Artzney Buchlein, is published.

  Births

• September 30 – Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian physician
• Mathew Baker, English shipwright
• 1529 or 1530 – Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist
• approx. date – Thomas Penny, English botanist and entomologist

  Deaths

• Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, Italian anatomist