1101

By place

Byzantine Empire

• Crusade of 1101: A second wave of European crusaders attempts to cross Anatolia, to reach the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They are defeated by the Seljuk troops under Sultan Kilij Arslan I at Heraclea. A handful of crusaders under Raymond IV manage to reach the Byzantine port of Bafra, at the mouth of the River Halys.
• Summer - The Byzantine fleet under Admiral Eustathios recaptures the ports of western Cilicia, Seleucia and Corycus. Eustathios extends his power over Cicilian territory further east – occupying Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra.

  Levant

• Spring - King Baldwin I concludes an alliance with the Genoese fleet, offering them commercial privileges and booty. He captures the towns of Arsuf and Caesarea. Baldwin's crusaders pillage Caesarea and massacre the mayority of the local population.
• September 7 - Battle of Ramla: A Crusader force under Baldwin I defeats the invading Fatimids at Ramla. Baldwin plunders the Fatimid camp and the survivors flee to Ascalon.

  Europe

• June 22 - Roger I, count of Sicily, dies at Mileto in Calabria after a 30-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son Simon of Hauteville, while his mother, Adelaide del Vasto, acts as his regent.
• Summer - Almoravid forces under Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin besiege Valencia, which is defended by Jimena Díaz, widow of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar. The city holds out until May 1102.
• Autumn - Countess Mathilda of Tuscany leads a successful expedition in northern Italy and takes Ferrara.
• The county of Berg in Germany is established.

  England

• February 3 - Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, escapes from the Tower of London and flees to Normandy. There he joins Robert II, duke of Normandy, who has just returned from the Crusades.
• Summer - Robert II lands at Portsmouth with an army in an effort to take the throne from his brother, King Henry I. He is forced to sign the Treaty of Alton, giving up his claim to the English throne.

  By topic

Culture

• A vast compilation of Liao, Korean, and Song Buddhist writings is completed.

  Religion

• Spring - Antipope Theodoric dies, the partisans of Emperor Henry IV choose Adalbert as the new antipope.
• April 19 - King Canute IV of Denmark is canonized as a saint under the name San Canuto.
• Fontevraud Abbey is founded by the French preacher Robert of Arbrissel.