Yulian Semyonov
Yulian Semyonovich Semyonov, pen-name of Yulian Semyonovich Lyandres , was a Soviet and Russian writer of spy fiction and detective fiction, also scriptwriter and poet.
Early life
The father of Semyonov was Jewish, the editor of the newspaper "Izvestia", Semyon Alexandrovich Lyandres. In 1932 he was arrested as "an accomplice of the Bukharin counterrevolutionary conspiracy" and severely beaten during the interrogations; he became partially paralyzed as the result. His mother was Russian, Galina Nikolaevna Nozdrina, a history teacher.In 1953 Semyonov graduated from Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, the Middle-East department.
Then he taught the Afghan language in Moscow State University and simultaneously studied there in the faculty of history.
Career
After gaining a degree of an interpreter in the University, Semyonov had diplomatic business in East Asia countries, continuing at the same time his scientific studies in Moscow State University.Since 1955 he started to try his hand in journalism: he was published in key Soviet newspapers and magazines of that time: "Ogoniok", "Pravda", "Literaturnaya Gazeta", "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Smena" etc.
In the 1960s–1970s Semyonov worked abroad a lot as a reporter of the said editions. His journalist activity was full of adventures, often dangerous ones – at one time he was in the taiga with tiger hunters, then at a polar station, and then he was at the Baikal-Amur Mainline construction and diamond pipe opening. He was constantly at the centre of the important politic events of those years – in Afghanistan, Francoist Spain, Chile, Cuba, Paraguay, tracing the Nazi, who sought cover from punishment, and Sicilian mafia leaders; taking part in the combatant operations of the Vietnamese and Laotian partisans.
Semyonov was one of the pioneers of "Investigative journalism" in the Soviet periodicals. Thus, in 1974 in Madrid he managed to interview a Nazi criminal, the favourite of Hitler Otto Skorzeny, who categorically refused to meet any journalist before. Then, being the "Literaturnaya Gazeta" newspaper correspondent in Germany, the writer succeeded in interviewing the reichsminister Albert Speer and one of the SS leaders Karl Wolff.
The conversations with such people, as well as holding the investigation regarding the searches for the Amber Room and other cultural values moved abroad from Russia during World War II, were published by Semyonov in his documentary story "Face to Face" in 1983.
Social activity
- In 1986 Semyonov became the President of the International Association of Detective and Political Novel, which he himself initiated to create, and the editor-in-chief of the collected stories edition "Detective and Politics"
- Semyonov's participation in searching for the famous Amber Room together with Georges Simenon, James Aldridge, baron von Falz-Fein and other famous members of the International Amber Room Searching Committee achieved wide renown.
- Semyonov, together with Baron Eduard von Falz-Fein, a Russian aristocrat and first wave émigré, was engaged in searching for and returning the lost cultural treasures to Russia. The activity of the International Committee for Returning Russian Treasures to the Motherland established by Semyonov made it possible to return to Russia the Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin's remains, the part of Lifar&Diaghilev's library, the unique tapestry from the Livadia Palace depicting the Royal Family and many other cultural values.
- With the beginning of the perestroika Semyonov got the chance to cover the pages of the Soviet history which used to be a forbidden subject before. In 1988 there appeared the essay collection "Closed History Pages" and "Unwritten Novels", the philippic narrative about the times and morals of Stalin's cult of personality based on the historical documents, eyewitnesses' accounts and the author's personal experience.
- In 1989 Semyonov founded the first private Soviet edition – the "Top Secret" bulletin, then becoming its editor-in-chief with the symbolic royalty of 1 rouble per year.
- In 1988 Yulian Semyonov, Vasily Livanov and Vitaly Solomin opened the experimental Moscow theatre "Detective". There were staged thrilling plays and children's performances. In 1992, Y.S. Semyonov being already seriously ill, the company was directed by Livanov and the unique theatre was closed due to the ownership conflict.
Personal life
After the sudden stroke in 1990, Semyonov became bedridden and could not return to work ever again. Y.S. Semyonov died on 15 September 1993 in Moscow. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. The writer's disease and death are still the point for expressing the versions about him being eliminated.
According to investigative journalist Vladimir Solovyov, Semyonov was actually poisoned by the KGB to prevent him from publishing the materials about Moscow Patriarch Alexius's II and other Russian Orthodox Church officials' collaboration with the KGB. Soloviev referred to information provided by Artyom Borovik. The material was allegedly prepared by priest Alexander Men, who was killed by unknown assassins at the same time. The materials were published later by Gleb Yakunin, who was given access to KGB files as a member of the Lev Ponomaryov commission.
Legacy
Tributes and honors
- In 2007 the writer's younger daughter Olga Yulianovna Semyonova opened her father's in the settlement Oliva, where the writer lived and worked during his last years.
- In 2011 in honor of the 80th anniversary from the day of the writer's birth, the Semyonov Cultural Foundation and Union of Journalists of Moscow established the .
- In 2012 a monument to Semyonov was mounted in Yalta. The author of the monument is national sculptor of Russia Alexander Rukavishnikov.
Biography and criticism
- The Unknown Yulian Semyonov, a 2009 two-volume edition, composed and commented by the writer's daughter O.Y. Semyonova contains a vast material regarding Semyonov's life, works and social activity — his little known texts and notes about him.
- *Revelation — the volume contains Yulian Semyonov's works which were not published before or little known ones. The short stories "Baron", "Commentary on Skorzeny", Revelation, "Three Translations of Omar Cabezas with Commentary"; plays "Two Faces of Pierre-Auguste de Beaumarchais", "Children of fathers", "Process-38"; stories, articles, reviews. There were also the author's poems, published for the first time.
- *I will Die for a While — the volume includes the correspondence of Y. Semyonov with his father S. Lyandres and with his family; the letters of readers, friends and colleagues; articles about the writer's works, interviews, recollections of the writer, and also the diaries of the 1960s with the travel notes.
Filmography
Semyonov also directed the film Night at the 14th Parallel and acted in such films as Weekdays and Holidays and Solaris.
Documentary filmography
- How Cult Figures Passed Away. Yulian Semyonov
- Yulian Semyonov. Pabulum for Reflection
- Yulian Semyonov. Agent of Influence
- Yulian Semyonov. Top Secret Information
- Stories about the Father. Yulian Semyonov through the Eyes of his Daughter"
- He Knew Too Much...
- Unknown Yulian Semyonov''