Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Noyabrsk. Its population was counted to be 522,904 in the 2010 Census.
Geography and natural history
The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe who have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears continues up to the present time.Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude, that is, at the point 70°N and 70°E, with equal degrees.
The area consists of arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas - the Yamal Peninsula, Taz Peninsula and the Gyda Peninsula.
The Ob River flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Kara Sea via the Gulf of Ob, which dominates the geography of the Okrug (together with its two sub-bays, the Taz Estuary and Khalmyer Bay.Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos: , accessdate: May 5, 2017
A number of islands are off the okrug's coast - from west to east, the main ones are Torasovey Island, Bolotnyy Island, Litke Island, Sharapovy Koshki Islands, Bely Island, Shokalsky Island, Petsovyye Islands, Proklyatyye Islands, Oleny Island, and Vilkitsky Island.
History
On December 10, 1930, Yamal National Okrug was formed based on Ural Oblast.Administrative divisions
Demographics
Population:in 2014
Vital statistics
| Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Natural change | |
| 1970 | 84 | 1,683 | 879 | 804 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 |
| 1975 | 127 | 2,307 | 819 | 1,488 | 18.2 | 6.4 | 11.7 |
| 1980 | 194 | 3,347 | 1,178 | 2,169 | 17.3 | 6.1 | 11.2 |
| 1985 | 374 | 7,838 | 1,555 | 6,283 | 21.0 | 4.2 | 16.8 |
| 1990 | 489 | 8 032 | 1 631 | 6 401 | 16.4 | 3.3 | 13.1 |
| 1991 | 483 | 7,121 | 1,623 | 5,498 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 11.4 |
| 1992 | 470 | 6,123 | 2,108 | 4,015 | 13.0 | 4.5 | 8.5 |
| 1993 | 466 | 5,697 | 2,764 | 2,933 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
| 1994 | 473 | 6,274 | 2,998 | 3,276 | 13.3 | 6.3 | 6.9 |
| 1995 | 483 | 6,337 | 3,107 | 3,230 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
| 1996 | 489 | 6,241 | 3,004 | 3,237 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.6 |
| 1997 | 495 | 6,208 | 2,715 | 3,493 | 12.5 | 5.5 | 7.1 |
| 1998 | 498 | 6,395 | 2,544 | 3,851 | 12.8 | 5.1 | 7.7 |
| 1999 | 498 | 6,071 | 2,608 | 3,463 | 12.2 | 5.2 | 7.0 |
| 2000 | 497 | 5,839 | 2,763 | 3,076 | 11.7 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| 2001 | 501 | 6,388 | 3,057 | 3,331 | 12.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 |
| 2002 | 506 | 6,635 | 2,934 | 3,701 | 13.1 | 5.8 | 7.3 |
| 2003 | 510 | 7,163 | 3,093 | 4,070 | 14.1 | 6.1 | 8.0 |
| 2004 | 511 | 7,264 | 2,975 | 4,289 | 14.2 | 5.8 | 8.4 |
| 2005 | 512 | 7,148 | 3,099 | 4,049 | 14.0 | 6.0 | 7.9 |
| 2006 | 513 | 7,036 | 3,000 | 4,036 | 13.7 | 5.8 | 7.9 |
| 2007 | 515 | 7,700 | 2,937 | 4,763 | 14.9 | 5.7 | 9.2 |
| 2008 | 517 | 7,892 | 2,959 | 4,933 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 9.5 |
| 2009 | 519 | 8,216 | 2,924 | 5,292 | 15.8 | 5.6 | 10.2 |
| 2010 | 522 | 8,263 | 2,873 | 5,390 | 15.8 | 5.5 | 10.3 |
Regional demographics
Source| Raion | Pp | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 538,600 | 5,814 | 2,202 | 3,612 | 14.39 | 5.45 | 0.89% |
| Salekhard | 40,500 | 499 | 256 | 243 | 16.43 | 8.43 | 0.80% |
| Gubkinsky | 22,300 | 263 | 71 | 192 | 15.72 | 4.25 | 1.15% |
| Labytnangi | 27,700 | 333 | 212 | 121 | 16.03 | 10.20 | 0.58% |
| Muravlenko | 37,000 | 361 | 104 | 257 | 13.01 | 3.75 | 0.93% |
| Nadym | 48,500 | 443 | 197 | 246 | 12.18 | 5.42 | 0.68% |
| Novy Urengoy | 117,000 | 1,122 | 334 | 788 | 12.79 | 3.81 | 0.90% |
| Noyabrsk | 109,900 | 1,029 | 384 | 645 | 12.48 | 4.66 | 0.78% |
| Krasnoselkupsky | 6,200 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 21.29 | 8.82 | 1.25% |
| Nadymsky | 21,300 | 221 | 67 | 154 | 13.83 | 4.19 | 0.96% |
| Priuralsky | 15,300 | 179 | 72 | 107 | 15.60 | 6.27 | 0.93% |
| Purovsky | 49,900 | 548 | 195 | 353 | 14.64 | 5.21 | 0.94% |
| Tazovsky | 17,200 | 268 | 92 | 176 | 20.78 | 7.13 | 1.36% |
| Shuryshkarsky | 9,900 | 144 | 69 | 75 | 19.39 | 9.29 | 1.01% |
| Yamalsky | 15,900 | 305 | 108 | 197 | 25.58 | 9.06 | 1.65% |
Ethnic groups
The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians and Ukrainians, followed by Tatars. Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians, Khants, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs, Komi, and Moldovans . Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.Religion
According to a 2012 survey 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who do not belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism or practitioners of local shamanic religions, and 1% are members of Protestant churches; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declare to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% are atheist, and 0.8% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.Economy
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production. The region is the most importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second-largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.Notable people
- Anastasia Lapsui, Nenets film director, screenwriter, radio journalist