World Sailing
World Sailing is the world governing body for the sport of sailing recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee.
History
The creation of the International Yacht Racing Union began in 1904, when Major Brooke Heckstall-Smith AINA, then Secretary of the Yacht Racing Association wrote to the Yacht Club de France, pointing out the desirability of holding a conference for the purpose of devising an International Rule of Measurement for Racing Yachts acceptable to all European countries. As a result, an International Conference of Yacht Measurement was held in London in January and June 1906, at which the Metre Rule was developed. This group went on to adopt a formal Constitution after a meeting at the Yacht Club de France in Paris on 14 October 1907 which is seen as the formation date of the International Yacht Racing Union.On 5 August 1996, the IYRU changed its name to the International Sailing Federation.
On 14 November 2015, ISAF changed its commercial name to World Sailing.
Competition formats
Competitive sailing regatta contain events which are defined by a combination of discipline, equipment, gender and sometimes categories. These criteria are defined by the race purpose.Disciplines
The following are the main disciplines:- Fleet Racing – The commonest form of competitive sailing involving boats racing around a course.
- Match Racing – Two identical boats race against each other. This is one-on-one duel requires strategy and tactics. The first to cross the finish line wins.
- Team Racing – Two teams each of normally three boats compete against each other. Fast paced racing depends on excellent boat handling skills and rapid tactical decision making.
- Offshore/Oceanic – Any offshore race over 800 miles, including races around the world.
- Speed Sailing - Is managed by World Speed Sailing Record Council
- Wave riding is common to board sports
- Both windsurfing and kiteboarding are experimenting with new formats.
- Cruising – Can be a coastal day sail or a longer distance international journeys, it is the most commonly enjoyed sailing discipline.
Equipment
Gender
The majority of sailing events are "open" events in which males and females compete together on equal terms either as individuals or part of team. Sailing has had female only World Championships since the 1970s to encourage participation and now host more than 30 such World Championship titles each year. For the 2016 Olympics, compulsory mixed gender in the event was added for the first time.Sailor categories
In addition the following categories are sometimes applied to events:- Age
- Nationality
- Disabled Classification
- Sailor Classification
Rules and regulations
Para sailing regattas for para sailors likewise follow the World Sailing rulebook with a minor change to permit things like powered adoptations. Strict classification requirements are enforced in the Paralympic Games for fair competition in Paralympic-class keelboats.
The key documents under control of World Sailing are:
- Racing Rules of Sailing – The RRS Rulebook is updated on every Olympic year.
- Equipment Rules of Sailing
- Offshore Special Regulations
- World Sailing Regulations and Constitution
Membership
National members
Like all sports federations, World Sailing is composed of from over 140 countries all of whom have the right to make submissions to determine World Sailing's policies.Persons with a physical impairment who are interested to learn to sail are encouraged to locate their national World Sailing Member National Authority, Disabled Sports Organization, or visit the local sailing club, as World Sailing seeks to integrate the differently abled into the sport.
Class associations
The federation recognizes over 80 classes which are each entitled to hold world championships.Affiliated members
- Offshore Racing Congress
- World Sailing Speed Record Council
- International Radio Sailing Association
Events
Sailing and the Olympics
World Sailing is responsible for administration of the Olympic Sailing Regatta. Sailing has been a mainstay of the modern summer Olympic games since 1896, omitted only from the 1904 summer games in St. Louis.To help encourage high level international competition in the Classes used for the Olympic Games, World Sailing arrange the following events:
- Sailing World Championships this is held every four years and is the combined World Championships for the Olympic classes and used as part of the Olympic Qualifying procedure
- Sailing World Cup and annual global sailing tour
Sailing in the Paralympic Games
Sailing in these paralympics was open to athletes with physical impairments. The classification system was based on: hand function, stability, mobility and vision. Athletes compete in three events, which are non-gender specified but were discipline specific.
World Sailing classes world championships
Each World Sailing class is entitled to hold a world championshipWorld Sailing initiated world championships and events
The following World Championships are held:- Sailing World Championships
- Sailing World Cup Series
- Youth Sailing World Championships
- Team Racing World Championship
- Offshore Team Racing World Championship
- Women's Match World Championship
- Open Match Racing World Championship
- eSailing World Championship
- Mixed Two Person Offshore Keelboat World Championship
- Nations Cup match racing
- IYRU Women's World Championships
World Sailing recognised world championships
- Offshore Racing Congress
- International Association for Disabled Sailing
- International Radio Sailing Association
World Sailing Special Events
- America's Cup
- Extreme 40 Sailing Series
- PWA Tour
- SailGP
- Volvo Ocean Race
- World Match Racing Tour
Disabled Sailing
World Sailing is also responsible for disabled sailing worldwide under the guidance of its own brand Para World Sailing. This is since the merger of International Association for Disabled Sailing in November 2014, and re-forming of the World Sailing Committee later rebrand Para World Sailing. The rational was given as follows: "The creation of a single governing body for Member National Authorities and sailors will better serve the needs and interests of sailors with disabilities, and provide consistency within the sport, from relationships with the World Anti-Doping Agency to technical support and operational efficiencies."
The IFDS Foundation was dissolved during the 2015 Annual Conference in Sanya, China. The Disabled Sailing Committee then re-branded as the Para World Sailing Committee.
People
Presidents
From 1906 to 1946 a chairman was elected from time to time to orchestrate the annual meetings.- 1946–1955: Sir Ralph Gore was elected the first President
- 1955–1969: Sir Peter Scott
- 1969–1986:
- 1986–1994:
- 1994–2004:
- 2004–2012:
- 2012–2016:
- 2016–Present:
Vice presidents
- 1998–2008: David Kellett
- 2004–2012: David Irish, Teresa Lara, Teo Ping Low
- 2008–2012: Alberto Predieri, Eric Tulla, Tomasz Holc
- 2008–2016: Nazli Imre
- 2012–2016:, Chris Atkins, Adrienne Greenwood
- 2008–present: Gary Jobson, Quanhai Li, Scott Perry
- 2016–present:,,,
Presidents of Honour
- 1958–1991: HM King Olav V of Norway
- 1994–present: HM King Constantine II of Greece, HM King Harald V of Norway
Race officials
- International Judge
- International Measurer
- International Race Officer
- International Umpire
Official awards
Rolex World Sailor of the Year
The main annual award the "Rolex World Sailor of the Year" that is sponsored by ROLEX in the following categories:- Male World Sailor of the Year
- Female World Sailor of the Year
Hall of Fame
On 5 November 2007 in Estoril, Portugal, the International Sailing Federation announced the first six inductees for the ISAF Sailing Hall of Fame.- Olin Stephens
- Dame Ellen MacArthur
- Paul Elvstrøm
- Barbara Kendall
- Eric Tabarly
- Sir Robin Knox-Johnston
- Dennis Conner
- Alessandra Sensini
- Harold Vanderbilt
- Sir Peter Blake
- Buddy Melges
- Valentin Mankin
- Torben Grael
Beppe Croce Trophy