Woodbridge was founded in 1852 by Jeremiah H. Woods and Alexander McQueen, who established a ferry across the Mokelumne River. The ferry enabled a new road to be routed between Stockton and Sacramento. In 1858 they built a wooden bridge at the site of the ferry which became known as Woods' Bridge, from which the community drew its name. Woods hoped that the settlement would grow larger than Stockton, and even hoped to form a separate county, Mokelumne County, with Woodbridge as the seat. In 1867, however, the railroad chose to bypass Woodbridge and lay tracks through neighboring Lodi instead. Woodbridge then became an educational center, with the Woodbridge Seminary and San Joaquin Valley College both opening doors in 1879. The college closed in 1897 due to declining enrollment.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Woodbridge had a population of 3,984. The population density was 1,277.1 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Woodbridge was 2,997 White, 15 African American, 46 Native American, 201 Asian, 7 Pacific Islander, 582 from other races, and 136 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,234 persons. The Census reported that 3,969 people lived in households, 15 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 1,430 households, out of which 492 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 916 were opposite-sex married couplesliving together, 153 had a female householder with no husband present, 68 had a male householder with no wife present. There were 58 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 237 households were made up of individuals and 96 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78. There were 1,137 families ; the average family size was 3.10. The population was spread out with 965 people under the age of 18, 323 people aged 18 to 24, 826 people aged 25 to 44, 1,317 people aged 45 to 64, and 553 people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males. There were 1,487 housing units at an average density of 476.7 per square mile, of which 1,082 were owner-occupied, and 348 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 2,790 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,179 people lived in rental housing units.
