Woman in the Moon
Woman in the Moon is a science fiction silent film that premiered 15 October 1929 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo cinema in Berlin to an audience of 2,000. It is often considered to be one of the first "serious" science fiction films. It was written and directed by Fritz Lang, based on the 1928 novel The Rocket to the Moon by his collaborator Thea von Harbou, his wife at the time. It was released in the US as By Rocket to the Moon and in the UK as Woman in the Moon. The basics of rocket travel were presented to a mass audience for the first time by this film, including the use of a multi-stage rocket. The film was shot between October 1928 and June 1929 at the UFA studios in Neubabelsberg near Berlin.
, on the set of his film Woman in the Moon, 1929.
Plot
Helius is an entrepreneur with an interest in space travel. He seeks out his friend Professor Mannfeldt, a visionary who wrote a treatise claiming that there was probably much gold on the Moon, only to be ridiculed by his peers. Helius recognizes the value of Mannfeldt's work. However, a gang of evil businessmen have also taken an interest in Mannfeldt's theories, and send a spy .Meanwhile, Helius's assistant Windegger has announced his engagement to Helius's other assistant, Friede. Helius, who secretly loves Friede, avoids their engagement party.
On his way home from his meeting with Professor Mannfeldt, Helius is mugged by henchmen of the gang. They steal the research that Professor Mannfeldt had entrusted to Helius, and also burgle Helius's home, taking other valuable material. Turner then presents Helius with an ultimatum: the gang know he is planning a voyage to the Moon; either he includes them in the project, or they will sabotage it and destroy his rocket, which is named Friede. Reluctantly, Helius agrees to their terms.
The rocket team is assembled: Helius; Professor Mannfeldt and his pet mouse Josephine; Windegger; Friede; and Turner. After Friede blasts off, the team discovers that Gustav, a young boy who has befriended Helius, has stowed away, along with his collection of science fiction pulp magazines.
During the journey, Windegger emerges as a coward, and Helius's feelings for Friede begin to become known to her, creating a romantic triangle.
Once they get to the far side of the Moon, Mannfeldt and Turner prove Mannfeldt's theory that there is gold on the Moon. They struggle in a cave, and Mannfeldt falls to his death in a crevasse. Turner attempts to hijack the rocket, and in the struggle, he is shot and killed. Gunfire damages the oxygen tanks, and they come to the grim realization that there is not enough oxygen for all to make the return trip. One person must remain on the Moon.
Helius and Windegger draw straws to see who must stay and Windegger loses. Seeing Windegger's anguish, Helius decides to drug Windegger and Friede with a last drink together and take Windegger's place, letting Windegger return to Earth with Friede. Friede senses that something is in the wine. She pretends to drink and then retires to the compartment where her cot is located, closes and locks the door. Windegger drinks the wine, becoming sedated. Helius makes Gustav his confidant and the new pilot for the ship. Helius watches it depart, then starts out for the survival camp originally prepared for Windegger. He discovers that Friede has decided to stay with him on the Moon. They embrace, and Helius weeps into her shoulder while Friede strokes his hair and whispers words of comfort to him.
Influence
Lang, who also made Metropolis, had a personal interest in science fiction. When returning to Germany in the late 1950s he sold his extensive collection of Astounding Science Fiction, Weird Tales, and Galaxy magazines. Several prescient technical/operational features are presented during the film's 1920s launch sequence, which subsequently came into common operational use during America's postwar space race:- The rocket ship Friede is fully built in a tall building and moved to the launch pad
- As launch approaches, the launch team counts down the seconds from ten to zero, and Woman in the Moon is often cited as the first occurrence of the "countdown to zero" before a rocket launch
- The rocket ship blasts off from a pool of water; water is commonly used today on launch pads to absorb and dissipate the extreme heat and to damp the noise generated by the rocket exhaust
- In space, the rocket ejects its first stage and fires its second stage rocket, predicting the development of modern multistage orbital rockets
- The crew recline on horizontal beds to cope with the G-forces experienced during lift-off and pre-orbital acceleration
- Floor foot straps are used to restrain the crew during zero gravity.
Rocket scientist Hermann Oberth worked as an advisor on this movie. He had originally intended to build a working rocket for use in the film, but time and technology prevented this from happening. The film was popular among the rocket scientists in Wernher von Braun's circle at the Verein für Raumschiffahrt. The first successfully launched V-2 rocket at the rocket-development facility in Peenemünde had the Frau im Mond logo painted on its base. Noted post-war science writer Willy Ley also served as a consultant on the film. Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow, which deals with the V-2 rockets, refers to the movie, along with several other classic German silent films.
Cast
- Klaus Pohl as Professor Georg Manfeldt
- Willy Fritsch as Wolf Helius
- Gustav von Wangenheim as Ingenieur Hans Windegger
- Gerda Maurus as Stud. astr. Friede Velten
- Gustl Gstettenbaur as Gustav
- Fritz Rasp as Der Mann "who calls himself Walter Turner"
- Tilla Durieux as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
- Hermann Vallentin as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
- Max Zilzer as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
- Mahmud Terja Bey as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
- Borwin Walth as Fünf Gehirne und Scheckbücher
- Karl Platen as Der Mann am Mikrophon
- Margarete Kupfer as Frau Hippolt, Haushälterin bei Helius
- Alexa von Porembsky as Eine Veilchenverkäuferin
- Gerhard Dammann as Der Werkmeister der Helius-Flugwerften
- Heinrich Gotho as Der Mieter vom II. Stock
- Alfred Loretto as Zwei eindeutige Existenzen
- Max Maximilian as Grotjan, Chauffeur bei Helius
- Edgar Pauly as Zwei eindeutige Existenzen
- Die Maus Josephine as Maus