Wisdom is a wild female Laysan albatross. She is the oldest confirmed wild bird in the world as well as the oldest banded bird in the world.
Biography
Wisdom hatched in or around 1951. In 1956, at the estimated age of five, she was tagged by scientists at the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge for study, but then returned to the wild rather than being kept in captivity. The person to attach the first tag was Chandler Robbins, who was a senior scientist at the United States Geological Survey. Birds are banded so that they can be studied, including their locations, flight patterns, longevity, and a myriad of other data that can be collected. On December 3, 2014, Wisdom made headlines when she laid an egg at the Midway Atoll. Her mate had arrived at the atoll on November 19 and Wisdom was first spotted by the refuge staff November 22. The egg was estimated to be number 36 for Wisdom over her lifetime. Albatrosses lay one egg per year and have monogamousmates for life. Out of the last nine years, Wisdom has laid an egg for eight of them. Smithsonian has speculated that since Wisdom is so unusually old for her species, she may have had to find another mate to keep breeding. The USGS have tracked Wisdom since she was tagged, and they have logged that Wisdom has flown over three million miles since 1956. To accommodate her increasing longevity, the USGS has replaced her tag a total of six times. Together with her chick, she survived the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that killed an estimated 2,000 adult Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses, and a much larger number of chicks, at the refuge. Wisdom has laid some 30-40 eggs in her lifetime. In December, 2016, Wisdom hatched and reared another chick. In December 2017, she was breeding again. Most albatrosses lay every other year, but Wisdom has successfully hatched a chick every year since 2006. In December 2018, USFWS Pacific Region reported that Wisdom was back on Midway Atoll and had laid an egg. In February 2019the egg hatched.
Impact
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has stated, "Wisdom’s continued contribution to the fragile albatross population is remarkable and important. Her health and dedication have led to the birth of other healthy offspring which will help recover albatross populations on Laysan and other islands." Bruce Peterjohn, chief of the North American Bird Banding Program, stated, "she is now the oldest wild bird documented in the 90-year history of our USGS-FWS and Canadian bird banding program. To know that she can still successfully raise young at age 60-plus, that is beyond words." Wisdom has received coverage from many major news sources in the United States and elsewhere, including The Guardian, National Geographic, Discovery News, and 60 Minutes. In January 2020 Wisdom was featured in episode 3, "Hawaii", of BBC Two's Earth's Tropical Islands.
