William Twining (military physician)


William Twining was a British military surgeon who practiced in the Indian Subcontinent.

Early life

William Twining was born in 1790. His father was Reverend William Twining of Nova Scotia. His grandfather Griffith Twining had in 1770 left his home in Clarbeston, Pembrokeshire, Wales to be a missionary abroad. The family has origins in the town of Twining near Tewkesbury. By common ancestry from the 1400s with Twining family of Pershore, Twining was a distant relation to Richard Twining of Twinings and the East India Company tea trade.
Twining began studying medicine at Guy's Hospital under Astley Cooper in 1808. For two years he worked as an anatomy demonstrator for Joshua Brookes.

Career

In 1821 he became personal surgeon to Edward Paget, Governor of Ceylon. In 1824 he became the Assistant Surgeon to the Bengal Establishment in the East India Company. While in that role he also continued his term of military service through 1830.
In 1835 Twining wrote what seems to be the first modern clinical description of kala azar, which he called "tropical sprue". In his description, he said that it was "endemic cachexia of the tropical countries that are subject to paludal exhalations", and then listed characteristics which match contemporary understanding of the disease.