William Crockford


William Crockford was an English Regency entrepreneur; horse racing enthusiast and proprietor of the infamous gambling club Crockford's who became one of the richest men in England.

Life

Crockford was born 13 January 1776 in Temple Bar, London, the son of a fishmonger, and for some time himself carried on that business. He married firstly Mary Lockwood and secondly Sarah Frances Douglass. After winning a large sum of money either at cards or by running a gambling establishment, he built a luxurious gambling house designed by Benjamin and Philip Wyatt at 50-53 St James's Street in 1827. In order to ensure exclusiveness, he organised the house as a members' club under the name "The St James's Club" though popularly known as "Crockford's Club" and it quickly became the rage - every English social celebrity and every distinguished foreigner visiting London hastened to become a member. Even the Duke of Wellington joined, though it is alleged this was in order merely to blackball his son, Lord Douro, should he seek election. Hazard was the favourite game, and very large sums changed hands.
Crockford retired in 1840, when, in the expressive language of Captain Rees Howell Gronow, he had "won the whole of the ready money of the then existing generation." He took approximately £1,200,000 out of the club, but subsequently invested some of it unwisely, particularly with two of his sons and one daughter in mining and zinc manufacturing in Greenfield, Flintshire, Wales.

Death

Crockford died at his home 11 Carlton House Terrace on 24 May 1844. and lies buried in a family vault underneath Kensal Green Cemetery Chapel London.