Wilcox was established in the 1880s when the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was extended to that point. It was named for its founder, Henry Wilcox.
At the 2010 census there were 358 people, 143 households, and 101 families in the village. The population density was. There were 148 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 97.8% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4%. Of the 143 households 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.1% were married couplesliving together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.4% were non-families. 25.2% of households were one person and 14% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the village was 45.8 years. 26.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.2% were from 25 to 44; 34.4% were from 45 to 64; and 16.8% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the village was 50.0% male and 50.0% female.
At the 2000 census there were 360 people, 147 households, and 109 families in the village. The population density was 661.7 people per square mile. There were 157 housing units at an average density of 288.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 98.89% White, 0.28% Native American, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28%. Of the 147 households 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.9% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 24.5% of households were one person and 15.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.87. The age distribution was 28.9% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males. The median household income was $28,958, and the median family income was $32,500. Males had a median income of $27,031 versus $18,194 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,626. About 3.6% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.
