Western Oregon Indian Termination Act


The Western Oregon Indian Termination Act or Public Law 588, was passed in August 1954 as part of the United States Indian termination policy. It called for the termination of federal supervision over the trust and restricted property of numerous Native American bands and small tribes, all located west of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon.
The act also called for disposition of federally owned property which had been bought for the administration of Indian affairs, and for termination of federal services which these Indians received under federal recognition. The stipulations in this act were similar to those of most termination acts.

Tribes and bands

The Western Oregon Indian Termination Act was unique because of the number of tribes it affected. In all, 61 tribes in Western Oregon were terminated, more than the total tribes terminated under all other individual acts. However, it appears that authorities named every tribe that had been named in various treaties over the years. A review of the 1890 and 1930 censuses shows that several of the named tribes in the termination act reported no members. In addition, the history of the area, with the Coastal Reservation being established by Executive Order and not treaty, then separated into the Siletz and Grande Ronde Reservations, then those two reservations being combined, and yet again separated, makes the situation complicated and difficult to ascertain specific data.
The 1930 census report notes that there were people who reported that they were Indian but did not denote a tribe in almost every state. In addition, it combines groups into language stock and tribes; however, "tribe" may reflect all speakers rather than separate bands and tribes. The total number of Indians affiliated with the language groups were as follows:
The totals in Oregon for 1930 were 1,564. In comparison, the numbers for the 1910 census for these same groups represented a population of 2,304. On June 22, 1956, the final roll of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz contained 929 names. On April 14, 1956, the Federal Register published the final roll of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde which contained 862 names. The combined total of these two confederations' population was 1,791, though there may well have been scattered native peoples in the coastal region who were not affiliated with these reservations.

Restoration acts

There were five restoration acts that restored all of the bands who had tribe members that had been located on the Grand Ronde or Silez Reservations. Some of these tribes were restored with those acts and later obtained their own federal recognition.
The Chinook Indian Nation is made up of the five westernmost Tribes of Chinookan peoples, Lower Chinook, Willapa and Wahkiakum in Washington State plus Clatsop and Cathlamet in Oregon. The Chinook Nation is seeking Tribal recognition.
As Listed on TreatyTribal entityLanguage StockMerger with Other ReservationDate of ReinstatementDate of Land RestorationDetails
1.Alsiya IndiansYakonanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationAs of the 1890 census, there were no members of this tribe enumerated who were not in the confines of the Siletz Reservation. Comments in the 1930 US Federal Census state, "The report of the Office of Indian Affairs for 1932 shows 13 Alsea and Yaquina enrolled at the Siletz Reservation of whom 5 are residing there and 8 elsewhere." It also indicates that the 1910 Census showed 29 Alsea, 7 Siuslaw, and 19 Yaquina living in Oregon.
2.Applegate Creek TribeAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationAs of the 1890 census, there were no members of this tribe enumerated who were not in the confines of the Siletz Reservation.
3. Kalapuya IndiansKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationVarious bands of this group were incorporated into either the Grand Ronde or Siletz Communities.
4.Chafan Band of the KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde ConfederationThere were no members of this tribe enumerated on the 1890 census.
5.Muddy Creek Chemapho Band of the Central KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
6.Chetco IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
7.Chet-less-ing-ton Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
8.Chinook Indian NationChinookann/an/aOn January 3, 2001 the US Congress endorsed restoring the tribal status of 5 Tribes of the Chinook Indian Nation: the Wahkiakum, Lower Chinook and Willapa as-well-as Cathlamet and Clatsop in Oregon; however, on July 5, 2002 the decision was reversed. An appeal is in process.-
9.Clackamas TribeChinookanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
10.Clatskanie IndiansAthapascanShasta Costa Band of Tututni as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationThe Clatskanie people merged with the Shasta Costa and in 1910, had only 3 remaining members.
11.Clatsop Band of Chinook Indian NationChinookann/an/an/aOn January 3, 2001 the US Congress endorsed restoring the tribal status of 5 Tribes of the Chinook Indian Nation: the Wahkiakum, Lower Chinook and Willapa as-well-as Cathlamet and Clatsop in Oregon; however, on July 5, 2002 the decision was reversed. An appeal is in process.
12.ChinookanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
13.Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde CommunityConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde CommunityChinookann/aBy federal statute. Public Law No. 98-165, 97 Stat. 1064 Upon restoration 10,678.36 acres of land were placed back into trust by the Bureau of Land management.
14.Confederated Tribes of Siletz IndiansConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indiansvariousn/aBy federal statute. Public Law No. 95-195, 91 Stat. 1415 Records of the Bureau of Land Management confirm that upon restoration 4,250.68 acres of land were re-established in the federal trust.
15.Coos/Kusa peoplesKusanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
15.Coos/Kusa peoplesKusanConfederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw IndiansBy federal statute. Public Law No. 98-481, 98 Stat. 2250 130.50 acres were placed into the Bureau of Land Management's trust upon tribal restoration.
16.Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
16.Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansAthapascanCow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansBy federal statute. Public Law No. Public Law 97-391 96 Stat. 1960
17.Euchre Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
18.Galice Creek IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
19.Grave Creek UmpquaAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
20.Joshua or Chemetunne Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
21.Karok TribeHokanAs of the 1930 census, there were no Karok peoples enumerated living outside the State of California.
22.Cathlamet Band of Chinook Indian NationChinookann/an/aOn January 3, 2001 the US Congress endorsed restoring the tribal status of 5 Tribes of the Chinook Indian Nation: the Wahkiakum, Lower Chinook and Willapa as-well-as Cathlamet and Clatsop in Oregon; however, on July 5, 2002 the decision was reversed. An appeal is in process.-
23.Kusotony Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationKusotony, Co-sutt-hen-ton, Co-ca-to-ny, Co-sate-he-ne all appear as variations of this name. An 1854 memo lists that the group, which had 27 members at that time was part of the "ToToTin" Indians.
24.Kwatami or Sixes Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
25.Luckiamute Band of Central KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
26.Long Tom Creek Band of the KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
27.Lower Coquille of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
27.Lower Coquille of the TututniAthapascanCoquille Indian TribeBy Federal Statute. Public Law 101-42. The Bureau of Land Management placed 6,481.95 acres of land into trust for the tribe upon restoration.
28.Lower UmpquaAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
28.Lower UmpquaAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw IndiansBy federal statute. Public Law No. 98-481, 98 Stat. 2250 130.50 acres were placed into the Bureau of Land Management's trust upon tribal restoration.
29.Maddy or Chemapho Band of the Central KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
30.Mikonotunne Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
31.Mary's River Chepenefa Band of KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
32.Multnomah Band of the Chinook Indian NationChinookanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
33.Munsel Creek BandunknownThe band or sub-tribe was probably located near present Florence, Oregon, which is in Siuslaw country.
34.Naltunnetunne Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
35.Nehalem or Tillamook TribeSalishanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
36.NestuccaSalishanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationThe 1890 census indicates that the Nestucca were residing on the Grand Ronde Reservation and the Nostucca were residing on the Siletz Reservation.
37.Northern Molalla Band of the Plateau IndiansWaiilatpuanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
38.Naltunnetunne Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationThe 1890 census states that the Nahltanadons live in Port Orford; however, in the enumeration portion, the closest tribe listed to this spelling is Nultuatana.
39.Pudding River Ahantchuyuk Band of KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
40.Smith River tribe merged with Siletz, but impossible to determine without more quantifiers what "river" refers to.
41.Rogue River Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationVarious bands of this group were incorporated into either the Grand Ronde or Siletz Communities. Rogue River appears on both the Grand Ronde and Siletz census for 1890.
42.Salmon River Band of SalishSalishanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation
43.Santiam Band of KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
44.Shasta Costa Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationChasta-Scotons, Chasta Costas, Shis-ta-koos- tee, Shasta Coazta, Shasta Costa, Chaste Costa, Shasta Costa, ChasteCosta and Shista Kwusta all appear as variations of this name.
45.Shasta Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
46.Shasta Costa Band of TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationChasta-Scotons, Chasta Costas, Shis-ta-koos- tee, Shasta Coazta, Shasta Costa, Chaste Costa, Shasta Costa, ChasteCosta and Shista Kwusta all appear as variations of this name.
47.Siletz Band of the Tillamook TribeSalishanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
48.Siuslaw IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
48.Siuslaw IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw IndiansBy federal statute. Public Law No. 98-481, 98 Stat. 2250 130.50 acres were placed into the Bureau of Land Management's trust upon tribal restoration.
49.ChinookanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
50.Southern Molalla Band of the Plateau IndiansWaiilatpuanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
51.Takelma Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
52.Tillamook Indian TribeSalishanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of the Siletz as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation
53.Tolowa IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
54. Atfalati or Tualatin Band of KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
55.Tututni IndiansAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde ConfederationVarious bands of this group were incorporated into either the Grand Ronde or Siletz Communities.
56.Upper Coquille Band of the TututniAthapascanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation
56.Upper Coquille Band of the TututniAthapascanCoquille Indian TribeBy Federal Statute. Public Law 101-42. The Bureau of Land Management placed 6,481.95 acres of land into trust for the tribe upon restoration.
57.Upper Umpqua BandAthapascanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community and Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Siletz Confederation and/or 1983 as Grand Ronde Confederation
58.Willamette Tumwater Band of the Chinook Indian NationChinookanConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
59.Yamhill Band of KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation
60.Yaquina TribeYakonanConfederated Tribes of Siletz Indians as part of the Siletz Confederation as part of the Siletz ConfederationBy the time the Coast Reservation of 1856 was established, the population of the Yaquina Tribe was so reduced that the entire record of the Yakonan/Alsean language stock comes from the Alsea. The reservation was established in the traditional homeland of the Yaquina and Alsea and encompassed their homelands. Comments in the 1930 US Federal Census state, "The report of the Office of Indian Affairs for 1932 shows 13 Alsea and Yaquina enrolled at the Siletz Reservation of whom 5 are residing there and 8 elsewhere." It also indicates that the 1910 Census showed 29 Alsea, 7 Siuslaw, and 19 Yaquina living in Oregon.
61.Yoncalla Band of the KalapuyaKalapooianConfederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation as part of the Grand Ronde Confederation