West Division (CFL)


The West Division is one of the two regional divisions of the Canadian Football League, their counterpart being the East Division. Although the CFL was not founded until 1958, the West Division and its clubs are descended from earlier leagues.

History

Pre–1936

The first organized football club in Western Canada was the Winnipeg Rugby Football Club, a forerunner of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers which was founded in 1879. At the time the sport was generally called rugby or rugby football because its rules were similar to rugby union's, although this would change drastically in the coming decades. The first organized competition in the West was formed in 1888 Winnipeg Football Club, St. John's College and the Royal School of Infantry formed the Manitoba Rugby League, later re-organized as the Manitoba Rugby Football Union. Football was being played in what was to become Alberta and Saskatchewan by 1890, and by 1907 the new provinces had organized their own respective competitions and agreed to adopt the rules of the national governing body, the Canadian Rugby Union.
Initially, interest in rugby football was mostly confined to the prairie provinces. As is the case today, ice hockey was Western Canada's most popular sport, and the presence of what were recognized to be "major league" professional circuits in Western Canada initially served to limit the resources which the fledgling senior football unions on the prairies could muster. The collapse of the last such "major" Western league in 1926 opened a void that was quickly filled by football, with a provincial union finally being formed in British Columbia that same year. The four rugby unions in the West were named the Manitoba Rugby Football Union, Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union, Alberta Rugby Football Union and the British Columbia Rugby Football Union.
Until the mid-1930s, the Western provincial unions usually maintained separate regular season schedules. However, they soon set out to create a unified Western Canadian playoff structure involving the respective provincial champions, with the view that the Western champion ought to be allowed to challenge for the Canadian Rugby Union's new championship trophy, the Grey Cup. To this end, the Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta unions formed the Western Canada Rugby Football Union in 1911, with the Calgary Tigers winning the first Western championship later that year. The format often changed from year to year, in large part because provincial champions often declined to participate in the Western playoffs while during the latter years of the First World War the competition was suspended altogether. In the years following the establishment of the BCRFU, the Western playoffs usually took the form of a four-team bracket - on these occasions, to reduce travel costs the BCRFU champion usually played the ARFU champion while the SRFU champion played the MRFU champion, with the winners of those games competing in the Western Final.
Initially, Western champions were not permitted to compete for the Grey Cup, because the CRU believed the calibre of the Western clubs to be inferior to those in the East. It was not until 1921 that a Western team was finally allowed to compete in the Grey Cup game, when the Edmonton Eskimos lost 23–0 to the Toronto Argonauts. Initial challenges for the trophy met with futility - a large factor in this lack of success was the requirement that the Western champion travel to the East to compete in the championship game, but the main reason was that clubs in the larger Eastern markets were able to make the transition from amateur to professional status more quickly. Finally in 1935 a Western team, the Winnipeg Pegs captured the Grey Cup, after they defeated the Hamilton Tigers 18–12.
Despite Winnipeg's national title football in Western Canada was in crisis by the mid-1930s. The Great Depression, which had caused serious financial difficulties for professional sports across North America, hit Western Canada particularly hard. Making matters worse was the existence of massive disparity between teams within the provincial unions. For example, by 1935 the Regina Roughriders had won fourteen consecutive SRFU titles, mostly by lopsided margins. Moreover, by the 1930s the top Western teams had begun to tap the massive U.S. talent pool, signing American players who had been passed over by the National Football League and its rivals south of the border. While the presence of American players would play a decisive role in bringing the calibre of the top Western teams to a level approaching that of the top clubs in the East, it further exasperated the disparity within the Western provincial unions.

Western Interprovincial Football Union (1936–1960)

In a bid to stabilize and improve the quality of the game in Western Canada, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the MRFU, the Regina Roughriders of the SRFU and the Calgary Bronks of the ARFU decided to break away from their provincial unions and form a new elite competition, the Western Interprovincial Football Union. The MRFU ceased operations almost immediately. However, the SRFU, ARFU and WCRFU all initially resisted the formation of the new league. The WCRFU insisted that Western teams could only compete for the Grey Cup by remaining in their respective provincial unions - meaning that the new WIFU faced the threat of being branded an "outlaw" league. Calgary and Regina reluctantly agreed to play in both the WIFU and their respective provincial unions for the 1936 season. Regina would go on to win the first Western championship following the formation of the WIFU, only to find themselves barred by the CRU from competing in the Grey Cup. The WIFU had ignored a rule implemented by the CRU immediately following Winnipeg's first Grey Cup win strictly limiting the use of American players in Canadian football.
By the following season, the ARFU and SRFU had both collapsed. The North Western League was organized in an effort to replace the Albertan and Saskatchewan unions, leaving the BCRFU as the only purely provincial union operating in Western Canada. The WCRFU subsequently agreed to a format whereby the BCRFU and NWL champions would have the right to challenge the WIFU champion for the right to represent the West in the Grey Cup. Ultimately, no such challenge would be issued by either league, neither of which survived the Second World War. The WIFU expanded to four teams when the Edmonton Eskimos joined in 1938. The Eskimos lasted only two years before withdrawing following the outbreak of the war. The Bronks left the following year, but were replaced by the Vancouver Grizzlies following the collapse of the BCRFU. This arrangement lasted only one season, with the WIFU suspending operations altogether for the duration of the war in 1942.
During this time, the WIFU's relationship with the CRU remained strained. Teams in the Western league continued to push for rule changes intended in part to make the game more attractive to U.S. players familiar with the American game. This came to a head in 1940 when the CRU again barred the Western champion Blue Bombers from the Grey Cup on the grounds that the West had played using rules that differed from those in the East. However, the most important pre-war development, implemented in both East and West on a permanent basis for the 1936 season, was the introduction of automatic divisional playoffs. Prior to the formation of the WIFU, the playoff format in Western Canadian football was similar to the format used in U.S. professional leagues right up to the introduction of the Super Bowl in that playoff qualification was limited to union winners and intra-provincial playoffs were only used to break ties in the standings. However, the founders of the WIFU had come to recognize the popularity of the Western playoffs as well as the need to ensure as many regular season games as possible were meaningful so as to encourage fans to attend games, and therefore decided that a multi-team playoff was necessary for the league to remain solvent. The playoffs consisted of the top two teams until Edmonton joined the league in 1938, when they were expanded to three teams, reverting again to two teams after Edmonton dropped out of the WIFU.
Following the war, the league resumed play in 1945 with Winnipeg, Regina and the newly formed Calgary Stampeders. In 1945, the three teams competed in a playoff in lieu of a regular season, but the competition was fully resumed by 1946. The Regina Roughriders became the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1948, the Edmonton Eskimos permanently rejoined the league in 1949 and in 1950 the third place team was once again granted a playoff berth. The regular season schedule was also expanded, from eight games per team in 1946 to 12 in 1948 and 14 in 1949 before settling on a 16-game schedule in 1952. The West's schedule would remain longer than any other regular season schedule in professional football for more than two decades. The expansion of the schedule coincided with the WIFU's gradual transition into a professional competition. However, players were paid under the table well into the 1940s in order to keep up the pretense of amateurism, though it was an open secret that the WIFU had become professional. The WIFU's increasing professionalism, combined with the growing use of air travel in Canada, made expansion to Vancouver a more feasible option. In 1954, the BC Lions joined the league, thus giving the West the same five teams that compete in the modern CFL.
By the end of World War II, the WIFU had upgraded its quality of play to a level almost equal to that of the strongest Eastern union, the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union. From 1945 onward, the WIFU champion regularly faced the Big Four champion for the Grey Cup. An important turning point came during the 1948 Grey Cup in which fans of the Western and eventual Grey Cup champion Stampeders brought pageantry to the event for the first time, with pancake breakfasts at Toronto City Hall, riding a horse through the lobby of the Royal York Hotel, and the first Grey Cup parade. This development proved decisive in turning the national football championship into big business, and the Big Four and WIFU quickly dropped all pretense of amateurism. Still, well into the 1950s, long after the Big Four champion got an automatic berth to the Grey Cup, the Western champion was often obliged to play the champion of the Ontario Rugby Football Union — the only purely amateur union still playing for the title — in a Grey Cup semi-final. However, as the 1950s wore on, the ORFU was eventually proven to be a much weaker league, and stopped challenging for the Grey Cup after the 1954 season. The Western champion has always been guaranteed a berth in the Grey Cup since that time. Although the amateurs would not be formally locked out of Grey Cup play for another four years, 1954 is usually viewed as the start of the modern era of Canadian football.
In 1956, these two leagues agreed to form the Canadian Football Council as an umbrella organization. In 1958, the CFC withdrew from the CRU and renamed itself the Canadian Football League. The new league also assumed control of the Grey Cup, though it had been the de facto professional championship of Canadian football for four years before then.

Western Football Conference (1961–1980)

The WIFU was officially renamed the Western Football Conference in 1961. However, it had become known informally as the Western Conference or Western Football Conference in the media for some years before then. Also in 1961, the WFC agreed to a partial interlocking schedule with what was by then known as the Eastern Football Conference. Although the WFC was part of the CFL, its merger with the EFC was only a partial merger for the next two decades. During this time, the conferences maintained considerable autonomy, much like the two Major League Baseball leagues operated in the 20th century. For example, the West had a different playoff format until 1973 and a longer schedule until 1974. During this time, attendances increased substantially for most clubs and television revenue gained prominence and importance. However, by the start of 1980s rising player salaries had caused considerable financial losses for some teams. In an effort to bolster the league's stability, CFL clubs decided to proceed with a complete merger of the two regional conferences.

West Division (1981–1994, 1996–present)

In 1981, the CFL's two conferences agreed to a full merger and a full interlocking schedule. Although the WFC has carried on since that time as the CFL's West Division, full authority is now vested within the CFL itself. The decision to create a full interlocking schedule meant that the teams were playing fewer divisional games, consequently the league decided add two extra divisional games per team, thus extending the schedule to the current 18 games per team starting in 1986.
The West Division has undergone major changes since the dissolution of the WFC. In 1987 an East Division team, the Montreal Alouettes, folded. Consequently, Winnipeg, the easternmost city in the West Division, was transferred to the East Division to keep the divisions equal in size. This led to the first "all-Western" Grey Cup in 1988 when the Blue Bombers won the East Division championship for the first time.
In 1993, the CFL decided to expand to the United States, leading to the addition of the league's first American-based team, the Sacramento Gold Miners. In 1994, the division added a sixth team, the Las Vegas Posse. Following the 1994 season, the Posse folded while the Gold Miners moved to San Antonio and became the Texans. For the 1995 season, all eight Canadian teams competed in the North Division, although the championship game was still an East-West affair as the Baltimore Stallions defeated Calgary to become the only U.S. team to claim the Grey Cup.
Prior to the 1996 season however, all of the American clubs disbanded, with the Stallions ownership establishing a revived Alouettes franchise in Montreal. The pre-1987 divisional alignment was restored, only to see Winnipeg return to the East after one season when the Ottawa Rough Riders folded. The Blue Bombers returned to the West in 2002 after an expansion franchise named the Renegades was granted in the nation's capital. With the suspension of the Ottawa Renegades for the 2006 season, the Blue Bombers moved back to the East. With the launch of the Ottawa Redblacks in 2014, the league briefly considered temporarily leaving Winnipeg in the East in an effort to keep the divisions relatively equal in strength, however the Blue Bombers successfully lobbied to be moved back to the West immediately.

Grey Cup record

Prior to 1954, Western clubs found limited success in the Grey Cup. Since 1954 however, the West has generally been on an equal footing and in recent decades has often dominated the East in the regular season. From 1954 to 2015, the West has won 35 Grey Cups and lost 26. This is not counting the 1995 season. Additionally two of the West's Grey Cup losses were to the Blue Bombers, who have played in the West for most of their history.
The West was particularly dominant from 1978 to 1989, winning all but three Cups in that period.

Playoff format

For most seasons since 1950, the top three teams in the West have made the playoffs. For many years, the semi-final and final was a two-game or even a best-of-three game series, but this was abandoned in the 1970s in favour of a single-elimination format. Quite often a fourth-place team in the West had a better record than the third-place team in the East, with the Western team out of the playoffs.
This was rectified beginning in 1986 when the CFL instituted a rule that permitted a fourth-place team in one division to make the playoffs provided it had more points in the standings than the third-place team in the other division. That year in the West the first-place Eskimos defeated the fourth-place Stampeders by a score of 27–18. The second-place Lions defeated the third-place Blue Bombers by a score of 21–14. The Eskimos then demolished the Lions in the West Final 41–5 and advanced to the Grey Cup. In the East the first-place Argonauts played a two-game total point series against the second-place Tiger-Cats. The Argonauts won the first game 31–17, but the Tiger-Cats won the second game by a score of 42–25—and with it, a berth in the Grey Cup final. The Tiger-Cats, in their third consecutive Grey Cup game, were victorious over the Eskimos 39–15.
With the demise of the Montreal Alouettes on the eve of the 1987 season the playoff format reverted to the top three teams in the respective divisions making the playoffs, while four teams qualified for the playoffs in 1993 and 1994. In 1997, the present cross-over rule was implemented, allowing the fourth-place team from one division to take the play-off place of the third-place team in the other division, should the fourth-place team earn a better record. From 1997 to 2016, the fourth place team in the West has taken advantage of the cross-over rule nine times, including four times when there were equal teams in the divisions. However, it was not until 2008 that a Western team advanced to the Eastern Final, and only four other teams have won a game since. Neither crossover team won more than one playoff game. As of 2019, no team from the East has crossed over into the Western playoffs.

List of Western champions

Champions of the Western Interprovincial Football Union

Champions of the Western Football Conference

YearChampionRunner-up
1961Winnipeg Blue BombersCalgary Stampeders
1962Winnipeg Blue BombersCalgary Stampeders
1963BC LionsSaskatchewan Roughriders
1964BC LionsCalgary Stampeders
1965Winnipeg Blue BombersCalgary Stampeders
1966Saskatchewan RoughridersWinnipeg Blue Bombers
1967Saskatchewan RoughridersCalgary Stampeders
1968Calgary StampedersSaskatchewan Roughriders
1969Saskatchewan RoughridersCalgary Stampeders
1970Calgary StampedersSaskatchewan Roughriders
1971Calgary StampedersSaskatchewan Roughriders
1972Saskatchewan RoughridersWinnipeg Blue Bombers
1973Edmonton EskimosSaskatchewan Roughriders
1974Edmonton EskimosSaskatchewan Roughriders
1975Edmonton EskimosSaskatchewan Roughriders
1976Saskatchewan RoughridersEdmonton Eskimos
1977Edmonton EskimosBC Lions
1978Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
1979Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
1980Edmonton EskimosWinnipeg Blue Bombers

Champions of the West Division

YearChampionRunner-up
1981Edmonton EskimosBC Lions
1982Edmonton EskimosWinnipeg Blue Bombers
1983BC LionsWinnipeg Blue Bombers
1984Winnipeg Blue BombersBC Lions
1985BC LionsWinnipeg Blue Bombers
1986Edmonton EskimosBC Lions
1987Edmonton EskimosBC Lions
1988BC LionsEdmonton Eskimos
1989Saskatchewan RoughridersEdmonton Eskimos
1990Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
1991Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
1992Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
1993Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
1994BC LionsCalgary Stampeders
1995Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
1996Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
1997Saskatchewan RoughridersEdmonton Eskimos
1998Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
1999Calgary StampedersBC Lions
2000BC LionsCalgary Stampeders
2001Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
2002Edmonton EskimosWinnipeg Blue Bombers
2003Edmonton EskimosSaskatchewan Roughriders
2004BC LionsSaskatchewan Roughriders
2005Edmonton EskimosBC Lions
2006BC LionsSaskatchewan Roughriders
2007Saskatchewan RoughridersBC Lions
2008Calgary StampedersBC Lions
2009Saskatchewan RoughridersCalgary Stampeders
2010Saskatchewan RoughridersCalgary Stampeders
2011BC LionsEdmonton Eskimos
2012Calgary StampedersBC Lions
2013Saskatchewan RoughridersCalgary Stampeders
2014Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
2015Edmonton EskimosCalgary Stampeders
2016Calgary StampedersBC Lions
2017Calgary StampedersEdmonton Eskimos
2018Calgary StampedersWinnipeg Blue Bombers
2019Winnipeg Blue BombersSaskatchewan Roughriders

Total playoff berths while in the CFL West

This reflects Winnipeg Blue Bombers results only while in the West Division since its creation in 1936. The Sacramento Gold Miners played in the division from 1993-1994 and the Las Vegas Posse played in the division in 1994.
TeamDivision
Titles		Playoff
Berths		West Division
Championships		Grey Cup
Championships
Edmonton Football Team23562314
Calgary Stampeders2151178
Saskatchewan Roughriders748124
Winnipeg Blue Bombers1342177
BC Lions1338106
Sacramento Gold Miners0000
Las Vegas Posse0000