He was the adopted son of Asaf-Ud-Dowlah, who had no son. He adopted a boy who was the son of the daughter of a servant. At 13 years of age, Ali was married at the cost of £300,000 in Lucknow. After the death of his surrogate father in September 1797, he ascended to the throne, with the support of the British. Within four months they accused him of being unfaithful. Sir John Shore then moved in with 12 battalions and replaced him with his uncle Saadat Ali Khan II. Ali was granted a pension of 3,00,000 Rupees and moved to Benares. The government in Calcutta decided that he should be removed further from his former realm. George Frederick Cherry, a British resident, relayed this order to him on 14January 1799 during a breakfast invitation at which Ali had appeared with an armed guard. During the ensuing argument, Ali struck Cherry a blow with his saber, whereupon the guards killed the resident and two more Europeans. They then set out to attack the house of Samuel Davis, the Magistrate of Benares, who defended himself on the staircase of his house with a pike until rescued by British troops. The affair became known as the Massacre of Benares. Subsequently, Ali assembled a rebellious army of several thousand men. A quickly assembled force commanded by General Erskine moved into Benares and "restored order" by 21 January. Ali fled to Butwal, Rajputana and was granted asylum by the Raja of Jaipur. On request of Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, the Raja turned Ali over to the British on the condition that he neither be hanged nor be put in fetters. Ali surrendered to the British authorities in December 1799 and was placed in rigorous confinement at Fort William, Calcutta. The colonial government complied with this: Ali spent the rest of life – 17 years – in an iron cage in Fort William in the Bengal Presidency. He was buried in the Muslim graveyard of Kasi Baghan.
Children
Mirza Jalaluddin Haidar Ali Jhan Bahadur born 1798, married and got Issue
*Nawab Mubarak ud-Daula, who moved to Ottoman Empire
Higginbotham, J. J.; Men Whom India has Known. 1874
Ray, Aniruddha; Revolt of Vizir Ali of Oudh at Benares in 1799; in: Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 49th Session, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 1988: S 331–338
