Watanabe


Watanabe is the fifth most common Japanese surname.
Watanabe is derived from the Watanabe clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, who derived their name from a port called Watanabe no Tsu in Settsu Province, located near the mouth of the Yodo River in present-day city of Osaka.
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History

Origin

The first to be named Watanabe were the samurai clan founded by Watanabe no Tsuna of the Saga Genji branch of the Minamoto clan, and his official name was Minamoto no Tsuna. He was the son of Minamoto no Atsuru, grandson of Minamoto no Tsutomu, and great-grandson of Minamoto no Tōru, son of the Emperor Saga, the 52nd Emperor of Japan. Tsuna established the Watanabe branch of the Saga Genji Minamoto, taking the name from his stronghold at Watanabe, a port on the Yodo River in Settsu Province. In 1020, he was appointed Tango no kami. He was the maternal grandson of the Seiwa Genji Minamoto no Mitsunaka, was companion in arms to his uncle Minamoto no Yorimitsu, and was famous for his military exploits in a number of tales and legends. He is kwon as one of the Four Guardian Kings of Yorimitsu, referring to the Buddhist Four Heavenly Kings.

Late Heian period to the Genpei war

During the Hōgen rebellion, and the Genpei War, the Watanabe sided with Minamoto no Yorimasa, until his death at the Battle of Uji, then with Minamoto no Yoritomo.
In 1180, at the Battle of Uji, the opening battle of the Genpei War, the Watanabe clan formed with the warrior monks of Miidera most of the Minamoto army.
The Heike Monogatari describes some of the Watanabe samurai present at this battle :
In 1185, the Watanabe sent ships to support the Minamoto cause and their mounted warriors proved to be decisive at the Battle of Yashima.
At the Battle of Dan-no-ura, when the Dowager Empress Kenrei-mon-In, daughter of Taira no Kiyomori, tried to drown herself, she was pulled out by the samurai Watanabe no Mutsuru.
The priest Mongaku Shōnin who urged Minamoto no Yoritomo to start a war against the Taira clan, and who managed to get a letter from the Emperor Go-Shirakawa to Yoritomo, requesting that he set up an army and liberate the country from the tyranny of the Taira, which enabled Yoritomo to take up arms, was the son of Watanabe no Endo Mochito.
Dominating Settsu Province as a focal area of maritime transportation in medieval Japan, the Watanabe family spread its influence widely. Their descendants settled in other areas, including Kyushu.
Watanabe Hisashi, also called Minamoto no Hisashi, great-grandson of Watanabe no Tsuna, established at Matsuura and called himself Matsuura Hisashi. He was appointed Kebiishi, and ruled Matsuura, Iki and a part of Sonogi districts. He is the ancestor of the Matsuura Watanabe branch.

Kamakura to Sengoku periods

In 1235, the Watanabe clan received from the Kamakura shogunate the responsibility of overseeing large shipments of tax and tributes due the shogunate from the provinces of western and central Japan
Watanabe Mochi, descendant of Tsuna, rendered distinguished military service to the Shogun Ashikaga Takauji, and was granted the title of Jito of Yamada. He is the ancestor of the Yamada Watanabe branch, who owned the whole area of Numakuma Peninsula, and were lords of Yamada Ichijoyama castle. In the Ōnin War, they sided with the Eastern camp.
During the 16th century wars, the following Watanabe samurai distinguished themselves:
Besides the mainstream of Watanabe, the Matsuura branch, Daimyō of Hirado Domain until 1868, were the most famous and flourished branch, and had a revenue of 61,700 koku.
The Matsuura Watanabe of Hirado Shinden, Daimyō of Hirado Shinden Domain until 1868, descending from the fourth lord of Hirado, was given 10,000 koku, and established a branch domain.
The Watanabe of Hakata, were Daimyō of Hakata Domain until the Meiji Restoration, had a revenue of 13,500 koku, and descend from Watanabe Yoshitsuna, grandson of Moritsuna.
The Hanzo Watanabe branch, descending from Watanabe Shigetsuna, son of Moritsuna, were lords of Terabe estate, Hida no Kami, senior retainers of the Tokugawa of Owari Domain, and had a revenue of 10,000 koku. After 1868, they were raised to the Peerage.
Several Watanabe were Hatamoto and high ranking samurai of the Tokugawa Shoguns and their principal branches, like the descendants of :
The Watanabe of Ōmura were ranked among the Peers after 1868.
The Watanabe of Suwa were also raised to the Peerage after 1868.

Gallery


People with the surname

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渡辺, means ‘to cross over a river’.
The surname Watanabe is a toponymic surname, and refers to a location called 'Watanabe no tsu', in the present day Osaka Prefecture, and was located between Tenmabashi Station and Tenjinbashi Station.
It is the fifth most common Japanese surname.
In the context of the Japanese economy, is a generic name for housewives who deal in foreign exchange.