According to archaeological studies, this area was inhabited by CaddoanMound Builders during the period A.D. 300 to 1200. The western area of Wagoner County was settled by the Creek after their forced removal in Alabama in the 1820s. The eastern portion of the county was settled by the Cherokee. During the Civil War in 1865, the present county was the scene of the Battle of Flat Rock. Confederate troops led by Brig. General Stand Watie and Brig. General Richard Gano captured 85 Union troops and killed even more that were harvesting hay. In 1905, the Sequoyah Convention proposed creating two counties from this area. The western half would be named Coweta and the eastern half would have been named Tumechichee. However, failure of the attempt to create the state of Sequoyah negated the proposal. In 1907 at Oklahoma Statehood, Wagoner County was organized. The towns of Porter and Coweta vied with Wagoner as the county seat. The county was named after the town of Wagoner, which won the election. The town was named after Henry "Bigfoot" Wagoner, a Katy Railroad dispatcher from Parsons, Kansas.
As of the census of 2010, there were 73,085 people, in the county. The population density was 47.74/km². There were 29,694 housing units at an average density of 55.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 80.07% White, 3.75% Black or African American, 9.38% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 5.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.50% of the population. There were 21,010 households out of which 37.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.90% were married couplesliving together, 9.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.50% were non-families. 17.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.08. In the county, the population was spread out with 28.10% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $56,819, and the median income for a family was $62,997. The per capita income for the county was $24,976. About 8.3% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.
