Wadi al-Taym is called after the Arab tribe of Taym-Allat ibn Tha'aliba. The Taym-Allat entered the Euphrates Valley and adopted Christianity in the pre-Islamic period before ultimately embracing Islam after the 7th-century Muslim conquests. A small proportion of the tribe took up abode in the Wadi al-Taym at some point during the first centuries of Muslim rule. The Wadi al-Taym was the first area where the Druze appeared in the historical record under the name Druze. According to many of the genealogical traditions of the Druze feudal families, the feudal Druze clans claimed descent from Arab tribes originally based in eastern Arabia and which entered Syria after periods of settlement in the Euphrates Valley. According to the historian Nejla Abu-Izzedin, "ethnically", the "Wadi al-Taym has been authoritatively stated to be one of the most Arab regions of Syria". The area was one of the two most important centers of Druze missionary activity in the 11th century. For much of the early 12th century, the Wadi al-Taym and the southern Chouf were the territory of the Jandal, a Druze clan. The leader of the clan, Dahhak ibn Jandal allied with the Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and engaged in a feud with the Assassins who ruled the Banias fortress in the western foothills of Mount Hermon just south of Wadi al-Taym. Dahhak had killed Assassin leader Bahram al-Da'i in retaliation for the murder of his brother Baraq ibn Jandal. In 1133, he entered into conflict with Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, the Burid ruler of Damascus, who subsequently expelled Dahhak from his holdout in the fortified Tyron Cave east of Sidon. In 1149, Dahhak was himself murdered by Assassins, revenge for the slaying of the da'i. The Wadi al-Taym was taken over by the Shihabs, a Sunni Muslim clan in the army of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin, in 1173. The Shihab formed an alliance with the Druze Ma'an clan of southern Mount Lebanon. Unlike other immigrants to the Wadi al-Taym, the Shihabs did not embrace the Druze faith, which was the dominant religion of the areas between the Gharb district of southern Mount Lebanon southward to the Wadi al-Taym. In 1287, the Shihab emir Sa'ad ibn Qurqmaz, now allied with the Mamluk successors of the Ayyubids, confronted a Mongol incursion into the Wadi al-Taym.
