Violin octet
The violin octet is a family of stringed instruments developed in the 20th century primarily under the direction of the American luthier Carleen Hutchins. Each instrument is based directly on the traditional violin and shares its acoustical properties, with the goal of a richer and more homogeneous sound. Unlike the standard modern stringed instruments, the main resonance of the body of the violin octet instrument is at a pitch near the two middle open strings, giving the instruments a more balanced, clearer sound.
The instruments were proposed by composer Henry Brant in 1957 and the first octet was completed in 1967.
Instruments
The instruments of the violin octet are:| Instrument | Tuning | Notes |
| Treble violin | G4–D5–A5–E6, tuned an octave above the violin, like the Kit violin or pochette or the two "kleine Poschen" of the Syntagma Musicum of Michael Praetorius | About the size of a violin |
| Soprano violin | C4–G4–D5–A5, tuned a fourth above the violin, like the violino piccolo | About the size of a violin |
| Mezzo violin | G3–D4–A4–E5, tuned the same as the violin | The body is slightly longer than a conventional violin but the strings are about the same length |
| Alto violin | C3–G3–D4–A4, tuned the same as the viola | Similar to a viola but larger, and is often played upright, like a cello |
| Tenor violin | G2–D3–A3–E4, tuned an octave below a standard violin, like the historical tenor violin | The body is similar to a half-size cello but with thinner ribs and a longer neck |
| Baritone violin | C2–G2–D3–A3, tuned the same as a cello | Larger than a conventional cello |
| Small bass violin | A1–D2–G2–C3, tuned a fourth above a double bass or G1–D2–A2–E3, tuned a fourth below a cello. | About the size of a double bass; played like a double-bass or sitting down |
| Contrabass violin | E1–A1–D2–G2, tuned the same as a double bass or C1–G1–D2–A2, tuned an octave below a cello. | Larger than a conventional double bass; played like a double bass |
Note: While the Small Bass and Contrabass violins were designed and originally meant to be tuned in fifths, most bassists find the required extra shifting impractical. The lists tunings for these instruments in fourths, while the Hutchins Quartet retains the original fifths tuning.
Bows
Carleen Hutchins did not design specific bows for the instruments of the violin octet. This is important research which still has not been completed. Players of these instruments use a variety of violin, viola, cello and double-bass bows, looking for the best fit they can at the moment.Performing groups
Currently, there are three performing groups which play and record on the instruments of the violin octet. The Hutchins Consort plays on Carleen Hutchins' instruments. The Hutchins Consort Quartet is a subset of the consort and plays on soprano violin, tenor violin, baritone violin and contrabass violin. The Albert Consort uses a set of instruments made by Robert Spear and the New Violin Family Orchestra, organized by the association , which also uses instruments made by Robert Spear.Use in traditional roles
The instruments of the violin octet do not necessarily have to be used in the context of the consort and for playing music written especially for them. They can also be used as alternatives to members of the usual violin family: for example any string quartet could be played by an ensemble consisting of two mezzo violins, one alto violin and one baritone violin, as an alternative to the two violins, viola and cello of the usual string quartet.The best known such use of a member of the New Violin Family in this sort of role is that of an alto violin by Yo-Yo Ma to perform and record Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto.