Vigna
Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in details of the style and stipules.
Vigna is also commonly confused with the genus Dolichos, but the two differ in stigma structure.
Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.
Familiar food species include the adzuki bean, the black gram, the cowpea, and the mung bean. Each of these may be used as a whole bean, a bean paste, or as bean sprouts.
The genus is named after Domenico Vigna, a seventeenth-century Italian botanist and director of the Orto botanico di Pisa.Uses
Root tubers of Vigna species have traditionally been used as food for Aborigines of the Northern Territory.Selected species
The genus Vigna contains at least 90 species, including:Subgenus ''Ceratotropis''
- Vigna aconitifolia Maréchal—moth bean, mat bean, Turkish gram
- Vigna angularis Ohwi & H. Ohashi—adzuki bean, red bean
- *Vigna angularis var. angularis Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- *Vigna angularis var. nipponensis Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- Vigna glabrescens Maréchal et al.
- Vigna grandiflora Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna hirtella Ridley
- Vigna minima Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- Vigna mungo Hepper—black gram, black lentil, white lentil, urd-bean, urad bean
- *Vigna mungo var. silvestris Lukoki, Maréchal & Otoul
- Vigna nakashimae Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- Vigna nepalensis Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna radiata Wilczek—mung bean, green gram, golden gram, mash bean, green soy, celera-bean, Jerusalem-pea
- *Vigna radiata var. radiata Wilczek
- *Vigna radiata var. sublobata Verdc.
- Vigna reflexopilosa Hayata—Creole-bean
- *Vigna reflexopilosa var. reflexopilosa Hayata
- *Vigna reflexopilosa var. glabra Tomooka & Maxted
- Vigna riukiuensis Ohwi & H. Ohashi
- Vigna stipulacea Kuntze
- Vigna subramaniana M. Sharma
- Vigna tenuicaulis N. Tomooka & Maxted
- Vigna trilobata Verdc.—jungle mat bean, jungli-bean, African gram, three-lobe-leaved cowpea
- Vigna trinervia Tateishi & Maxted
- Vigna umbellata Ohwi & H. Ohashi—ricebean, red bean, climbing mountain-bean, mambi bean, Oriental-bean
Subgenus ''Haydonia''
- Vigna monophylla Taub.
- Vigna nigritia Hook. f.
- Vigna schimperi Baker
- Vigna triphylla Verdc.
Subgenus ''Lasiospron''
- Vigna diffusa A. Delgado & Verdc.
- Vigna juruana Verdc.
- Vigna lasiocarpa Verdc.
- Vigna longifolia Verdc.
- Vigna schottii A. Delgado & Verdc.
- Vigna trichocarpa A. Delgado
- Vigna vexillata A. Rich.—zombi pea, wild cowpea
- *Vigna vexillata var. angustifolia
- *Vigna vexillata var. youngiana
Subgenus ''Vigna''
- Vigna ambacensis Welw. ex Bak.
- Vigna angivensis Baker
- Vigna filicaulis Hepper
- Vigna friesiorum Harms
- Vigna gazensis Baker f.
- Vigna hosei Backer—Sarawak-bean
- Vigna luteola Benth.—Dalrymple vigna
- Vigna membranacea A. Rich.
- *Vigna membranacea subsp. caesia Verdc.
- *Vigna membranacea subsp. membranacea A. Rich.
- Vigna monantha Thulin
- Vigna racemosa Hutch. & Dalziel
- Vigna subterranea Verdc.—Bambara groundnut, Congo goober, hog-peanut, jugo bean, njugumawe
- Vigna unguiculata Walp.—cowpea, crowder pea, Southern pea, Reeve's-pea, snake-bean
- *Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica—catjang
- *Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana—wild cowpea, African cowpea, Ethiopian cowpea
- *Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis—yardlong bean, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, Chinese long bean, pea-bean
- *Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata—black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean
- Vigna comosa
- Vigna dalzelliana
- Vigna debilis Fourc.
- Vigna decipiens
- Vigna dinteri Harms
- Vigna dolichoides Baker in Hooker f.
- Vigna frutescens
- Vigna gracilis
- Vigna kirkii
- Vigna lanceolata—pencil yam, Maloga-bean, parsnip-bean, merne arlatyeye
- Vigna lobata Endl.
- Vigna lobatifolia
- Vigna marina Merr.—dune-bean, notched cowpea, sea-bean, mohihihi, nanea
- Vigna multiflora
- Vigna nervosa
- Vigna oblongifolia
- Vigna owahuensis Vogel—Oahu cowpea
- Vigna parkeri—creeping vigna
- Vigna pilosa