Victor Prosper Considerant
Victor Prosper Considerant was a French utopian Socialist and disciple of Fourier.Biography
Considerant was born in Salins-les-Bains, Jura and studied at the École Polytechnique. Subsequently, working as a musician, he collaborated with Fourier on newspapers. He edited the journals La Phalanstère and La Phalange.
Considerant wrote much in advocacy of his principles, of which the most important is La Destinée Sociale. He authored Democracy Manifesto, which preceded by five years the similar Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels. Considerant defined the notion of a "right to work", which would be one of the main ideas of French socialists in the 1848 Revolutions. He is also known for having devised the proportional representation system. He also advocated such measures of 'direct democracy' as referendum and recall.
The failure of an insurrection against Louis Napoléon obliged Considerant to go into exile in Belgium in June 1849. On an invitation by Albert Brisbane and helped by Jean-Baptiste Godin, between 1855-57 he founded the colony La Réunion in Texas on Fourier's principles.
He was a member of the First International, founded in 1864, and took part in the 1871 Paris Commune.
He died in Paris in 1893.
Contrary to a common error, his name is not written Considérant as he explained:
