Vermes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
In 1758, in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the Swedish scientist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus described the class "Vermes" as:
Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenacious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles. By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects.
Linnaean Characteristics
- Heart: 1 auricle, 0 ventricles. Cold, pus-like blood.
- Spiracles: obscure
- Jaw: various
- Penis: frequently hermaphrodites
- Organs of Sense: tentacles, eyes, no brain, no ears, no nostrils
- Covering: calcareous or none, except spines
- Supports: no feet, no fins. Crawls in moist places & are mute
Intestina
;Gordius- Gordius aquaticus
- Gordius argillaceus
- Gordius medinensis – Dracunculus medinensis
- Furia infernalis – Despite the many accounts of this purported animal by respected authorities, including Daniel Solander and Linnaeus himself, it is now accepted that no such animal exists.
- Lumbricus terrestris – common earthworm
- Lumbricus marinus – lugworm
- Ascaris vermicularis – pinworm
- Ascaris lumbricoides – giant roundworm
- Fasciola hepatica – sheep liver fluke
- Fasciola intestinalis
- Hirudo sanguisuga – Haemopis sanguisuga, horse leech
- Hirudo medicinalis – Hirudo medicinalis, European medicinal leech
- Hirudo octoculata - Erpobdella octoculata
- Hirudo stagnalis - Helobdella stagnalis
- Hirudo complanata - Glossiphonia complanata
- Hirudo indica
- Hirudo geometra- Piscicola geometra
- Hirudo muricata - Pontobdella muricata
- Myxine glutinosa – Atlantic hagfish
- Teredo lapidaria
- Teredo navalis – naval shipworm
Mollusca
- Limax ater – Arion ater, the Black Slug
- Limax rufus – Arion rufus, the Red Slug
- Limax maximus – the Leopard Slug
- Limax agrestis – now Deroceras agreste
- Limax flavus – now Limacus flavus, the Yellow Slug
- Doris verrucosa – warty dorid
- Tethys limacina
- Tethys leporina – Tethys fimbria
;Nereis
- Nereis lacustris – Stylaria lacustris
- Nereis caerulea
- Nereis gigantea
- Nereis pelagica
- Nereis noctiluca
- Aphrodita squamata
- Aphrodita aculeata
- Lernaea cyprinacea
- Lernaea asellina – Lernentoma asellina
- Lernaea salmonea – Salmincola salmoneus
- Priapus equinus – Beadlet anemone
- Priapus humanus – Priapulus caudatus
- Scyllaea pelagica – Sargassum nudibranch
- Holothuria physalis – Portuguese Man o' War
- Holothuria thalia, Holothuria caudata, & Holothuria denudata – Cyclosalpa pinnata
- Triton littoreus
;Sepia
- Sepia octopodia – Eledone cirrhosa, the Horned Octopus
- Sepia officinalis – Sepia officinalis, the Common Cuttlefish
- Sepia media
- Sepia loligo - Loligo vulgaris, the Common Squid
- Sepia sepiola - Sepiola rondeleti, the Dwarf Bobtail
- Medusa porpita - Porpita porpita
- Medusa cruciata
- Medusa aequorea
- Medusa aurita – Aurelia aurita, the Moon Jellyfish
- Medusa capillata – Cyanea capillata, the Lion's Mane Jellyfish
- Medusa pilearis
- Medusa marsupialis - Carybdea marsupialis
- Medusa pelagica
- Medusa brachiata
- Medusa beroe
- Medusa velella - Velella velella
- Asterias luna - Anseropoda rosacea
- Asterias rubens – Asterias rubens, the Common Starfish
- Asterias glacialis - Marthasterias glacialis
- Asterias reticulata - Oreaster reticulatus, the Red Cushion Sea Star
- Asterias nodosa – Protoreaster nodosus, the Horned Sea Star
- Asterias aranciaca - Astropecten aranciacus
- Asterias equestris - Hippasteria phrygiana
- Asterias laevigata – Linckia laevigata, the Blue Star
- Asterias planci – Acanthaster planci, the Crown-of-thorns Starfish
- Asterias ophiura - Ophiura ophiura, the Brittle-Star
- Asterias pectinata - Comatula pectinata
- Asterias multiradiata - Capillaster multiradiata
- Asterias Caput medusae - Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae
- Echinus esculentus – Echinus esculentus, the Edible Sea Urchin
- Echinus globulus - Mespilia globulus
- Echinus sphaeroides
- Echinus gratilla – Tripneustes gratilla, the Collector Urchin
- Echinus lixula – Arbacia lixula, the Black Sea Urchin
- Echinus saxatilis
- Echinus diadema – Echinothrix diadema, the Diadema Urchin
- Echinus cidaris – Cidaris cidaris
- Echinus mamillatus – Heterocentrotus mammillatus, the Slate Pencil Urchin
- Echinus lucunter - Echinometra lucunter
- Echinus atratus - Colobocentrotus atratus
- Echinus spatagus - Metalia spatagus
- Echinus lacunosus - Schizaster lacunosus
- Echinus rosaceus – Clypeaster rosaceus
- Echinus reticulatus - Clypeaster reticulatus
- Echinus placenta - Arachnoides placenta
- Echinus orbiculus - Hemiheliopsis fonti
Testacea
was named Pholas candidus in 1758.
was named Venus mercenaria in 1758.
;Venus
;Anomia
;Pinna
;Voluta
- Voluta porphyria
- Voluta oliva
- Voluta ispidula
- Voluta persicula
- Voluta monilis
- Voluta miliaria
- Voluta faba
- Voluta glabella
- Voluta mercatoria
- Voluta rustica
- Voluta paupercula – Mitra paupercula
- Voluta mendicaria
- Voluta tringa
- Voluta cornicula
- Voluta caffra
- Voluta sanguisuga
- Voluta vulpecula
- Voluta plicaria
- Voluta pertusa
- Voluta mitra episcopalis
- Voluta mitra papalis
- Voluta musica – music volute
- Voluta vespertilio
- Voluta ebraea – Hebrew volute
- oluta aethiopica – Melo aethiopica
- Voluta cymbium
- Voluta olla
;Buccinum
- Buccinum olearium – Tonna galea
- Buccinum galea
- Buccinum perdix
- Buccinum pomum – Malea pomum
- Buccinum dolium
- Buccinum echinophorum
- Buccinum tuberosum
- Buccinum plicatum
- Buccinum cornutum
- Buccinum rufum
- Buccinum flammeum
- Buccinum testiculus
- Buccinum decussatum
- Buccinum areola
- Buccinum erinaceus
- Buccinum glaucum
- Buccinum vibex
- Buccinum papillosum
- Buccinum glans
- Buccinum arcularia – Nassarius arcularia
- Buccinum pullus – Nassa pulla
- Buccinum gibbosulum
- Buccinum mutabile
- Buccinum neriteum
- Buccinum harpa – Harpa harpa
- Buccinum costatum – Harpa costata
- Buccinum persicum – Purpura persica
- Buccinum patulum
- Buccinum lapillus – dog whelk
- Buccinum smaragdulus – Leucozonia smaragdula
- Buccinum spiratum
- Buccinum glabratum
- Buccinum virgineum
- Buccinum praemorsum
- Buccinum undosum – Cantharus undosus
- Buccinum undatum – common whelk
- Buccinum reticulatum
- Buccinum scabriculum
- Buccinum nitidulum
- Buccinum laevigatum
- Buccinum maculatum – Oxymeris maculata
- Buccinum crenulatum
- Buccinum hecticum – Impages hectica
- Buccinum strigilatum – Hastula strigilata
- Buccinum duplicatum – Duplicaria duplicata
- Buccinum dimidiatum – Acus dimidiata
- Buccinum murinum
- Strombus pes pelecani – pelican's foot
- Strombus chiragra – Lambis chiragra
- Strombus scorpius – Lambis scorpius
- Strombus lambis – Lambis lambis
- Strombus millepeda – Lambis millepeda
- Strombus lentiginosus – silver conch
- Strombus gallus – Aliger gallus
- Strombus auris dianae – Strombus aurisdianae
- Strombus pugilis – West Indian fighting conch
- Strombus marginatus
- Strombus luhuanus – strawberry conch
- Strombus gibberulus – humpbacked conch
- Strombus lucifer
- Strombus gigas – Eustrombus gigas
- Strombus latissimus
- Strombus epidromis
- Strombus canarium
- Strombus vittatus
- Strombus urceus
- Strombus dentatus
- Strombus ater
- Strombus lividus
- Murex haustellum – Haustellum haustellum
- Murex tribulus
- Murex cornutus – Bolinus cornutus
- Murex brandaris – purple dye murex
- Murex trunculus – banded dye murex
- Murex ramosus – ramose murex
- Murex scorpio – scorpion murex
- Murex saxatilis
- Murex erinaceus – European sting winkle
- Murex rana – Bufonaria rana
- Murex gyrinus – Gyrineum gyrinum
- Murex lampas – Charonia lampas
- Murex oleariú
- Murex femorale – Cymatium femorale
- Murex lotoriú – Lotoria lotoria
- Murex pileare
- Murex rubecula – Septa rubecula
- Murex scrobilator – Bursa scrobilator
- Murex reticularis – Distorsio reticularis
- Murex pyrum – Ranularia pyrum
- Murex anus – Distorsio anus
- Murex ricinus
- Murex capitellum
- Murex turbinellus
- Murex nodus
- Murex hystrix
- Murex mancinella – Purpura mancinella
- Murex ceramicus
- Murex hippocastanum – Thais virgata
- Murex melongena
- Murex scabriculus
- Murex senticosus
- Murex ficus – Ficus ficus
- Murex rapa
- Murex granum
- Murex fusus
- Murex babylonius
- Murex colus – distaff spindle
- Murex morio
- Murex cochlidium
- Murex canaliculatus
- Murex aruanus – Australian trumpet
- Murex perversus
- Murex antiqvus
- Murex despectus
- Murex tritonis
- Murex tulipa – Fasciolaria tulipa
- Murex pusio
- Murex corneus
- Murex ligniarius – Fasciolaria lignaria
- Murex trapezium – Pleuroploca trapezium
- Murex syracusanus – Fusinus syracusanus
- Murex craticulatus – Turrilatirus craticulatus
- Murex scriptus
- Murex aluco – Pseudovertagus aluco
- Murex fuscatus
- Murex radula
- Murex asper – Rhinoclavis aspera
- Murex granulatus
- Trochus maculatus – maculated top shell
- Trochus perspectivus
- Trochus hybridus
- Trochus cruciatus
- Trochus pharaonius – strawberry top shell
- Trochus magus
- Trochus modulus
- Trochus muricatus
- Trochus scaber
- Trochus varius – Gibbula varia
- Trochus cinerarius
- Trochus divaricatus
- Trochus umbilicaris – Gibbula umbilicaris
- Trochus vestiarius
- Trochus labio
- Trochus tuber
- Trochus striatus
- Trochus conulus – Calliostoma conulus
- Trochus zizyphinus – Calliostoma zizyphinum
- Trochus telescopium
- Trochus dolabratus
- Trochus perversus
- Trochus punctatus
- Trochus striatellus – Jujubinus striatus
- Turbo obtusatus – flat periwinkle
- Turbo neritoides
- Turbo littoreus
- Turbo muricatus – Cenchritis muricatus
- Turbo cimex
- Turbo pullus
- Turbo personatus
- Turbo petholatus
- Turbo cochlus
- Turbo chrysostomus
- Turbo tectum persicum
- Turbo pagodus
- Turbo calcar
- Turbo marmoratus – great green turban
- Turbo sarmaticus
- Turbo olearius
- Turbo pica – West Indian top shell
- Turbo sanguineus – Homalopoma sanguineum
- Turbo argyrostomus
- Turbo margaritaceus
- Turbo delphinus
- Turbo distortus
- Turbo scalaris
- Turbo clathrus
- Turbo crenatus
- Turbo lacteus
- Turbo striatulus
- Turbo uva
- Turbo corneus
- Turbo reflexus
- Turbo lincina
- Turbo imbricatus
- Turbo replicatus
- Turbo acutangulus
- Turbo duplicatus – Turritella duplicata
- Turbo exoletus – Turritella exoleta
- Turbo terebra – Turritella terebra
- Turbo variegatus – Turritella variegata
- Turbo ungulinus
- Turbo annulatus – Pyrgula annulata
- Turbo bidens – Papillifera bidens
- Turbo perversus
- Turbo muscorum – Pupilla muscorum
- Turbo auriscalpium
- Turbo politus
- Helix scarabaeus
- Helix lapicida
- Helix oculus capri
- Helix albella
- Helix striatula
- Helix algira – Zonites algirus
- Helix leucas
- Helix planorbis
- Helix complanata
- Helix ringens
- Helix carocolla
- Helix cornu militare
- Helix vortex
- Helix scabra – Littoraria scabra
- Helix gothica
- Helix gualtierana
- Helix cornea
- Helix spirorbis
- Helix contorta
- Helix cornu arietis
- Helix hispida
- Helix ampullacea
- Helix pomatia – Roman snail
- Helix glauca
- Helix citrina
- Helix arbustorum
- Helix ungulina
- Helix itala
- Helix hispana
- Helix lutaria – Helix lutescens
- Helix perversa
- Helix janthina – common purple snail
- Helix vivipara – Viviparus contectus a freshwater snail
- Helix nemoralis – grove snail
- Helix lucorum
- Helix grisea
- Helix haemastoma
- Helix decollata – decollate snail
- Helix pupa
- Helix barbara
- Helix amarula
- Helix stagnalis – great pond snail
- Helix fragilis
- Helix putris
- Helix limosa
- Helix tentaculata – common bithynia
- Helix auricularia – big-ear radix
- Helix balthica
- Helix neritoidea
- Helix perspicua
- Helix haliotoidea
- Helix ambigua
;Neritha
;Patella
- Patella equestris
- Patella neritoidea
- Patella chinensis
- Patella porcellana
- Patella fornicata
- Patella laciniosa – Siphonaria laciniosa
- Patella saccharina
- Patella barbara – Scutellastra barbara
- Patella granularis – Scutellastra granularis
- Patella granatina – Cymbula granatina
- Patella vulgata – common limpet
- Patella caerulea
- Patella tuberculata
- Patella ungarica
- Patella mammillaris
- Patella pectinata – striped false limpet
- Patella lutea
- Patella unguis – Lingula anatina
- Patella lacustris
- Patella pellucida – blue-rayed limpet
- Patella testudinaria – Cellana testudinaria
- Patella compressa – Cymbula compressa
- Patella rustica
- Patella fusca
- Patella notata – Clypidina notata
- Patella cruciata
- Patella reticulata
- Patella fissura – common slit limpet
- Patella pustula
- Patella graeca – Greek keyhole limpet
- Patella nimbosa
- Patella nubecula
- Dentalium elephantinum
- Dentalium dentalis
- Dentalium entalis – Antalis entalis
- Dentalium minutum
- Serpula seminulum
- Serpula planorbis
- Serpula spirillum
- Serpula spirorbis
- Serpula triquetra – Pomatoceros triqueter
- Serpula intricata
- Serpula contortuplicata
- Serpula glomerata – Petaloconchus glomeratus
- Serpula lumbricalis – Petaloconchus adansoni
- Serpula arenaria – Serpulorbis arenarius
- Serpula anguina – Tenagodus anguinus
- Serpula penis veneris
- Serpula penicillus
- Serpula ringens
Lithophyta
was named Tubipora musica in 1758.
- Tubipora musica – Organ pipe coral
- Tubipora infundibuliformis
- Tubipora verrucosa
- Tubipora urceus
- Tubipora serpens
- Tubipora repens
- Tubipora arenosa
- Millepora cellulosa
- Millepora lichenoides
- Millepora damicornis
- Millepora alcicornis
- Millepora reticulata
- Millepora lineata
- Millepora compressa
- Millepora muricata
- Millepora eschara
- Millepora crustacea
- Madrepora acetabulum – Acetabularia acetabulum
- Madrepora verrucaria
- Madrepora turbinata
- Madrepora fungites
- Madrepora pileus
- Madrepora maeandrites
- Madrepora labyrinthiformis
- Madrepora areolata
- Madrepora punctata
- Madrepora agaricites
- Madrepora truncata
- Madrepora stellaris
- Madrepora polygama
- Madrepora favosa
- Madrepora astroites
- Madrepora organum
- Madrepora flexuosa
- Madrepora turbinata
- Madrepora fascicularis
- Madrepora ananas
- Madrepora pertusa
- Madrepora ramea
- Madrepora rubra
- Madrepora oculata
- Madrepora virginea
Zoophyta
- Isis hippuris
- Isis dichotoma
- Isis ocracea
- Isis anastatica
- Isis encrinus
- Gorgonia spiralis
- Gorgonia ventalina – Common Sea Fan
- Gorgonia flabellum – Venus Sea Fan
- Gorgonia antipathes
- Gorgonia ceratophyta
- Gorgonia pinnata
- Gorgonia aenea
- Gorgonia placomus
- Gorgonia abies
- Alcyonium arboreu
- Alcyonium digitatu
- Alcyonium bursa
- Tubularia indivisa – Tall Tubularia
- Tubularia ramosa
- Eschara foliacea
- Eschara fistulosa
- Eschara fragilis
- Eschara divaricata
- Eschara verticillata
- Corallina opuntia
- Corallina officinalis
- Corallina squamata
- Corallina corniculata
- Corallina barbata
- Corallina fragilissima
- Corallina rubens – Jania rubens
- Corallina cristata
- Corallina spermophoros
- Corallina penicillus
- Sertularia rosacea
- Sertularia pumila
- Sertularia operculata
- Sertularia tamarisca
- Sertularia abietina
- Sertularia cupressina
- Sertularia argentea
- Sertularia avicularia
- Sertularia rugosa
- Sertularia halecina
- Sertularia thuja
- Sertularia eburnea – Crisia eburnea
- Sertularia cornuta
- Sertularia myriophyllum
- Sertularia falcata
- Sertularia pluma
- Sertularia antennina
- Sertularia verticillata
- Sertularia volubilis
- Sertularia cuscuta
- Sertularia uva – Walkeria uva
- Sertularia lendigera
- Sertularia geniculata
- Sertularia dichotoma
- Sertularia spinosa
- Sertularia pinnata
- Sertularia polyzonias
- Sertularia setacea
- Sertularia stipulata
- Sertularia pennaria
- Sertularia lichenastrum
- Sertularia cedrina
- Sertularia purpurea
- Sertularia flexuosa
- Sertularia bursaria
- Sertularia loricata
- Sertularia fastigiata
- Sertularia neritina – Bugula neritina
- Sertularia scruposa
- Sertularia reptans
- Sertularia ciliata
- Sertularia chelata
- Sertularia anguina – Aetea anguina
- Sertularia polypina
- Hydra polypus
- Hydra campanulata
- Hydra socialis
- Hydra stentoria
- Hydra pyraria
- Hydra convallaria
- Hydra crataegaria
- Hydra opercularia
- Hydra umbellaria
- Hydra berberina
- Hydra digitalis
Volvox was included among the animals in the 1758 Systema Naturae as two species: Volvox globator & Volvox chaos
- Pennatula phosphorea
- Pennatula filosa
- Pennatula sagitta
- Pennatula mirabilis
- Taenia solium – pork tapeworm
- Taenia vulgaris
- Taenia lata
- Taenia canina
- Volvox globator
- Volvox chaos - Chaos chaos