The company was founded in 1806 by Cuthbert Vaux, producing several popular brands including Vaux's Stout, Maxim, Double Maxim, and SunderlandBest Bitter. For nearly 200 years, it was a major employer in the city. In 1972, the company bought the Sheffield-based Wards Brewing Company, which it retained as a separate subsidiary. In 1981, it attempted to establish a foothold in the U.S. with the purchase of the New York-based family-owned Fred Koch Brewery. By the 1990s, the Vaux Group had expanded into hotels. Despite the brewing business being profitable and an offer to buy it having been received from management, in March 1999 the Board accepted the advice of the Corporate Financier, BT Alex. Brown, a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank, and decided to close both breweries. This caused Chairman Sir Paul Nicholson, who disagreed with the closure decision, to resign. The company changed its name to Swallow Group plc, and in July sold its tenanted pub estate to a client of the corporate financier, concentrating on Swallow Hotels business and incorporating the former Vaux-managed pub estate under the Swallow Inns & Restaurants brand. The company was taken over by Whitbread in 2000, following which most of the hotels were rebranded as Marriott and the larger pubs were brought under other national brands, such as Brewers Fayre. Later, 10 hotels unsuitable for Marriott conversions were sold off, forming the nucleus of the current Swallow Hotels chain. In 2000, two former Vaux directors and the former head brewer formed what is now called the Maxim Brewery, buying some of the beer brands and recipes. They resurrected the former Samson and Double Maxim lines. The Sunderland brewery was later vacated and the buildings were demolished for redevelopment. In November 2014 a partnership between Carillion and Sunderland City Council was formed to redevelop the site. However, Carillion collapsed into liquidation in January 2018. After a six-month delay, redevelopment resumed in July 2018, with Tolent as the main contractor. In January 2019 a Sunderland-based company announced via Twitter intention to resurrect the VAUX brand.. The new company later revealed plans to launch their beers in April 2019. In March 2020 Vaux Brewery announced plans to open a new brewery and bar in the centre of Sunderland.
