Vṛddhi


In Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar, is a group of long vowels produced by ablaut. For example:
In modern Indo-European linguistics it is used in Pāṇini's sense, but not restricted to Sanskrit but applicable to the Indo-European languages in general as well as to the Proto-Indo-European language from which this feature was inherited:
A vṛddhi-derivation or vṛddhi-derivative is a word that is derived by such lengthening, a type of formation very common in Sanskrit, but also attested in other languages. Such derivatives signify "of, belonging to, descended from". An example:
Derivatives that are formed by inserting a full grade vowel into the "wrong" position of a zero grade are also called vṛddhi-derivations: