Unified Northern Alphabet


The Unified Northern Alphabet was created during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union for the "small" languages of the North.
Systematic work on the development of writing in the languages of the peoples of the North began in 1926, when the Northern Faculty of the Leningrad Oriental Institute was established.
The alphabet was initially planned to serve as an alphabet for Chukchi, Even, Evenki, Gilyak, Itelmen, Ket, Koryak, Mansi, Nanai, Nenets, Saami, Selkup, Siberian Yupik and Udihe.

Alphabet

A aB ʙC cꞒ ꞓD dƷ ʒЗ зE eƏ əÆ æ
F fG gH hꜦ ꜧI iЬ ьJ jK kL lŁ ł
M mN nŊ ŋO oƟ ɵP pQ qR rɌ ɍS s
Ꞩ ꞩT tU uV vW wX xY yZ zƵ ƶ-

Letters in use across different languages


SaamiNenetsSelkupMansiKhantyEvenkiEvenNanaiUdiheItelmenChukchiKoryakYupikAleutKetGilyak
A aA a
Ā ā		A a
Ā ā		A a
Ā ā		A aA aA a
Ā ā		A a
Ā ā		A a
Ā ā		A a
Ā ā		A aA a
Ā ā		A aA aA aA aA a
B вB в
B̦ в̦		B в
B̦ в̦		B в——B вB вB вB вB в
B̦ в̦		——B в
B̦ в̦		B вB вB в
C cC cC c
Ç ç		———————C c
Ç ç		——C cC c——
Є єЄ є—Є є—Є єЄ єЄ єЄ єЄ є—Є єЄ є———Є є
D dD d
D̦ d̦		D d
D̦ d̦		D d——D dD dD dD dD d
D̦ d̦		D d—D dD dD dD d
D̦ d̦
Ӡ ӡӠ ӡ————Ӡ ӡӠ ӡӠ ӡӠ ӡ————Ӡ ӡ——
З зЗ з———————————————
E eE eE e
Ē ē		E eE eE eE eE eE eE e
Ē ē		E eE e
Ē ē		E eE eE eE eE e
Ə əƏ əƏ ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə ə—Ə əƏ ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə əƏ ə
Ə̄ ə̄		Ə əƏ əƏ əƏ əƏ ə
Æ æÆ æ—Æ æ—————Æ æ—————Æ æ—
F fF f———————F fF f——F fF f—F f
G gG gG gG gG g—G gG gG gG gG g
Ģ ģ		G gG gG gG gG gG g
H hH hH h—H hH hH hH hH hH hH h——H hH hH hH h
Ꜧ ꜧ—Ꜧ ꜧ—Ꜧ ꜧꜦ ꜧ—————————Ꜧ ꜧꜦ ꜧ
I iI i
Ī ī		I i
Ī ī		I iI iI iI iI iI i
Ī ī		I i
Ī ī		I iI i
Ī ī		I iI iI iI iI i
Ь ьЬ ьЬ ь
Ь̄ ь̄		Ь ьЬ ьЬ ь————Ь ьЬ ь
Ь̄ ь̄		Ь ьЬ ьЬ ьЬ ь—
J jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ jJ j
K kK k
Ķ ķ		K kK kK kK kK kK kK kK kK k
Ķ ķ		K kK kK kK kK kK k
K' k'
L lL l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L lL lL lL lL l
Ļ ļ		L lL l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ļ ļ		L l
Ł ł————Ł ł————Ł ł——Ł łŁ ł——
M mM m
M̦ m̦		M m
M̦ m̦		M mM mM mM mM mM mM mM m
M̦ m̦		M mM mM mM mM mM m
N nN n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N nN n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ		N nN n
Ņ ņ		N n
Ņ ņ
Ŋ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋŊ ŋ
O oO o
Ō ō		O o
Ō ō		O oO oO oO o
Ō ō		O o
Ō ō		O o
Ō ō		O o
Ō ō		O oO o
Ō ō		O oO oO oO oO o
Ө ө——Ө ө—Ө ө———Ө ө———————
P pP p
P̦ p̦		P p
P̦ p̦		P pP pP pP pP pP pP pP p
P̦ p̦		P pP pP pP pP pP p
P' p'
Q q——Q q—Q q————Q qQ qQ qQ qQ qQ qQ q
Q' q'
R rR r
Ŗ ŗ		R r
Ŗ ŗ		R rR rR rR rR rR rR rR r
Ŗ ŗ		R rR rR rR rR rR r
R' r'
Ɍ ɍ—————————————Ɍ ɍ——
S sS s
Ș ș		S s
Ș ș		S sS sS s
Ș ș		S sS sS sS sS s
Ș ș		S sS sS s
Ș ș		S sS s
Ș ș		S s
Ꞩ ꞩ——Ꞩ ꞩꞨ ꞩꞨ ꞩ———————————
T tT t
Ț ț		T t
Ț ț		T tT t
Ț ț		T t
Ț ț		T tT tT tT tT t
Ț ț		T tT t
Ț ț		T tT tT t
Ț ț		T t
Ț ț
T' t'
U uU u
Ū ū		U u
Ū ū		U uU uU uU uU uU u
Ū ū		U u
Ū ū		U uU u
Ū ū		U uU uU uU uU u
V vV v
V̦ v̦		————————V v
V̦ v̦		V vV vV vV v—V v
W w—W wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW wW w—
X xX x———————X xX x——X xX x—X x
Y y——Y y—Y y———Y y———————
Z zZ zZ z
Z̦ z̦		Z z—————Z zZ z
Z̦ z̦		——Z z——Z z
Ƶ ƶƵ ƶ————————————Ƶ ƶ——

Further development

Since 1932, textbooks began to be published in the UNA. The UNA was used for 15 out of the 16 planned languages.
After 1937, the UNA was abandoned, and those languages that were to continue to have an official writing system were to adopt Cyrillic. In practice, this spelt the end of writing for many of these minority languages this halted their written use for decades to come.