Umphang was established as a district in 1898. It was named Mae Klong back then and was part of Uthai Thani Province. In 1906 it was renamed Umphang and moved to Kamphaeng Phet Province. Its status was changed to a king amphoe and moved to Tak Province effective 1 January 1926. Finally in 1959 it was promoted back to district status.
Etymology
It was thought that the name Umphang came from Karen word Umpa, meaning the act of opening a bamboo container. This was performed by Burmese to show passports stored in the bamboo to Thai immigration officers.
A large number of the 28,000 population are hill tribes with Karen people making up the largest proportion. Karen were the original settlers here before Thais began to migrate into the area, and many place names are in the Karen language.
Transportation
Highway 1090 is the only road linking Umphang to other parts of Thailand. Another highway, Highway 1167, connects Umphang town to the Burmese border. Highway 1090, 164 km in total, has two lanes during much of the way and contains 1,219 curves, a number proudly displayed at numerous places in Umphang. It is one of the more unpleasant roads for those who suffer from motion sickness. The journey from Mae Sot takes from three to four hours. The journey from Bangkok takes about 12 hours. In the late-1970s, construction started on Highway 1117, a project that would have provided a connection from Amphoe Khlong Lan, Kamphaeng Phet Province. It was part of a military effort to combat communist insurgency in the region. The project was shelved in 1987 pending an environmental study. About 115 km of the highway beginning in Khlong Lan was constructed, leaving the last 28 km on the Umphang side where it stopped at Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary in 1990. Efforts to finish this project surfaced a few times, but was eventually rejected due to the virgin forest in the path of the road. Another project linking Umphang to Amphoe Sangkhla Buri, Kanchanaburi Province was proposed in 2004, but was immediately rejected. Highway 1117 would have shortened the journey from Bangkok by five hours, and by-passed Mae Sot entirely. There is a municipal airport in Umphang. Scheduled flights here were scrapped due to low demand.
Places
Thi Lo Su Waterfall is the main reason people travel to Umphang. It is the largest waterfall in Thailand, with a height of about 200 meters and total width is about 400 meters. It is fullest during rainy season from June to November because of the larger water flow. However, during this period, road access to the waterfall is closed for safety reasons and some hiking is required. The peak season for tourism is in December and January when the water level is still high and the road to waterfall is open to the public. Only cars with four wheel drive can pass this steep and slippery road. An alternative way to reach the waterfall is by whitewater rafting downstream along the calm section of Klong River and then continuing overland on foot or by car for another about 12 km. Travelling this way, two waterfalls dropping into Klong River can be seen: Thi Lor Jor Waterfall, and Sai Rung Waterfall. The name Thi Lo Su, in Karen language, means giant waterfall or black waterfall. It is only recently that Thi Lo Re Waterfall has been promoted. It is a waterfall dropping directly into Klong River deep in Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary with no road access. Only traveling with tour companies is possible. The journey to the waterfall typically involves white water rafting the Klong River of about 40 km through rapids of Class 4 or 5 while the journey back is by walking or riding elephants. The trip takes two to three days. Pre To Lo Su or Pi Tu Kro Lo Su is another recently discovered waterfall. It is on Ma Muang Sam Muen. Two steams fall to combine to become a heart-shaped waterfall. Travel to and from the waterfall requires a few days of hiking. Some other places of interest are Takobi Cave, a cave formerly used by Communist Party of Thailand;; Doi Hua Mot, a viewpoint above the clouds; and Ban Pa La Ta, a Karen village dating back 250 years.
Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts, which are further subdivided into 38 villages. The township Umphang covers parts of the tambon Umphang.