USP (satellite bus)
The USP, for Universal Space Platform, also known as Viktoria, is a highly flexible satellite bus designed and manufactured by RSC Energia. It is called universal because it has been designed to be operated from LEO to GEO. It is a three axis stabilized platform with electric propulsion for station keeping, but chemical propellant is offered as an option. The bus can offer up to 3000 W of power and a payload capacity up to for Low Earth orbit or HEO an up to for geostationary orbit.
The platform is designed for direct orbital injection, and thus lacks orbit raising propulsion. It does however, support dual launching on Proton-M, which can enable cheap launching, or the use of smaller vehicles like the Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M or even the Dnepr for low energy orbits.
List of USP bus satellites
While not the most successful satellite bus, the USP is characterized by its commercial beginnings and the huge orbital flexibility.| Satellite | Order | Launch | Launch Vehicle | Launch Site | Intended Orbit | Launch Result | Launch Weight | Status | Remarks |
| Yamal 101 | 1999-09-06 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur Site 81/23 | GEO | Dual launch with Yamal 102. Failed at launch | ||||
| Yamal 102 | 1999-09-06 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur Site 81/23 | GEO | Retired on August 9, 2010 | Dual launch with Yamal 101. | |||
| Yamal 201 | 2001 | 2003-11-24 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur Site 81/23 | GEO | Dual launch with Yamal 202. Failed on orbit | |||
| Yamal 202 | 2001 | 2003-11-24 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur Site 81/23 | GEO | Dual launch with Yamal 201 | |||
| BelKa 1 | 2003 | 2006-07-26 | Dnepr | Baikonur Site 109/95 | SSO | ||||
| Tundra L11 | 2007 | 2015-11-17 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | HEO | ||||
| Tundra L12 | 2007 | 2017-05-25 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | HEO | ||||
| Angosat 1 | 2009 | 2017-12-26 | Zenit-3F/Fregat-SB | Baikonur Site 45/1 | GEO | The ground controllers lose contact with the satellite shortly after launch, but later regained after the satellite was properly aligned with sun and confirmed that its onboard systems are in good health. | |||
| Tundra L13 | 2007 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | HEO | |||||
| Energia-100 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Vostochny Site 1S | GEO | ||||||
| Tundra L14 | 2007 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | HEO | |||||
| Tundra L15 | 2007 | Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat-M | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | HEO | |||||
| Yamal 203 | 2001 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur | GEO | |||||
| Yamal 204 | 2001 | Proton-K/Blok-DM-2M | Baikonur | GEO | |||||
| Yamal 301 | 2003 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | Baikonur | GEO | |||||
| Yamal 302 | 2003 | Proton-M/Blok DM-03 | Baikonur | GEO |