Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt


The Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period. It was founded after the overthrow of Amyrtaeus, the only Pharaoh of the 28th Dynasty, by Nefaarud I in 398 BC, and disestablished upon the overthrow of Nefaarud II in 380 BC.

History

Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis. Nefaarud then made Mendes his capital.
On Nefaarud's death, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting a usurper Psammuthes; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year.
Psammuthes was overthrown by Hakor, who claimed to be the grandson of Nefaarud I. He successfully resisted Persian attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from Athens, and from the rebel king of Cyprus, Evagoras. Although his son Nefaarud II became king on his death, the younger Nefaarud was unable to keep hold of his inheritance.

Pharaohs of the 29th Dynasty

Name of PharaohImageReignComments
Nefaarud I398–393 BCDefeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed
Psammuthes393 BCReigned for only a year. Overthrown by Hakor.
Hakor 393–380BCOverthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Father of Nefaarud II.
Nefaarud II380 BCWas deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months.

Timeline of the 29th Dynasty


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