The Florence tramway network is an important part of the public transport network of Florence, Italy. It consists of two operational light rail lines. Florence, like many other Italian cities, closed down its old tramway network at the end of the 1950s, but has come back to trams in recent years to find a solution to the rising car traffic in the city. The first line in the present network was opened in 2010 to link the city center with the neighboring comune of Scandicci; the second line opened on February 11, 2019, linking the city center with Florence Airport. The current network operator is GEST, a public company owned by ATAF and RATPdev, subsidiary of the French RATP.
History
1879–1958
The first horse-drawn tramway in Florence was inaugurated on 5 April 1879. It linked the city center to Peretola. One year later the original line was extended to reach Prato and Poggio a Caiano. The tramway was managed by Società dei Tramways Fiorentini. In 1898 the company bought out Tranvia del Chianti company and in the same year the lines were electrified. In 1926 the tram was considered already obsolete, and the first bus routes started. In 1934 the company responsible for the service went out of business. During the Second World War the tramway was severely damaged, and the network was fully restored only in 1951. From the end of the war the tramway was managed by ATAF. However, after few years the infrastructure was deemed too old and inadequate, and the tramway was definitively closed on 20 January 1958.
Modern tramway (2010)
During the early 2000s, the Florence administration decided to restore the tram service. Works on the first line started on December 2005. Construction works were expected to last for 1,000 days, but eventually it took more than 1,800 days to complete the line. Line 1 started operation on 14 February 2010. The first part of Line 1, at Scandicci, was the first rail public transport service in the area. During the first 10 months of service, the total passenger served were 7 million, a result considered a success. On 16 July 2018 the line was extended from Florence Santa Maria Novella railway station to the current northern terminus, Careggi.
Lines
Service starts at 5:30 and stops at 0:30. The headway is 4 minutes from 7:30 to 20:30 and 6 minutes at other times. A journey from end to end of Line 1 takes about 23 minutes. Line 2 opened on February 11, 2019. A journey from end to end takes 22 minutes.
Technical summary
The rolling stock of Line 1 consists of 19 AnsaldoBredaSirio, already in use in other cities in Italy and around the world. The route is mainly on reserved lanes. Stops are located at a distance of 300–400 m.
Future plans
Line 1 extension
An expansion from Scandicci towards Casellina and Pontignale is planned. The new terminus will be near an exit of the A1 motorway. A Park & Ride will also be built.
Line 2
Line 2 currently runs from the airport to Santa Maria Novella railway station, where it interchanges with line 1. From here, the line should run through the city center in two different branches, also serving the Duomo in the initial planning. However, after the recent revisions, the line will probably not pass in Duomo and will run partly underground. Line 2 will be long and will be fundamental in serving the city center, which is planned to become mainly pedestrian.
The name Line 3 was used for the Line 1 section between Santa Maria Novella and Careggi. This section was fully opened on 16 July 2018 and it has now been incorporated into Line 1.
Line 4 is the long-term plan which will complete the city tramway. The line will have a terminus at Santa Maria Novella railway station and will serve the western part of the city.
Controversies
There were some people who opposed the new tramway lines 2 and 3. A city referendum was held on 17 February 2008. The statute of city referendums do not contains any "quorum" clause: 39% of the citizens actually voted. Among them, the majority was against the construction. The municipality decided to disregard the result of the referendum.
