Traditor, plural: traditores, is a term meaning "the one who had handed over" and defined by Merriam-Webster as "one of the Christians giving up to the officers of the law the Scriptures, the sacred vessels, or the names of their brethren during the Roman persecutions". It refers to bishops and other Christians who turned oversacred scriptures or betrayed their fellow Christians to the Roman authorities under threat of persecution. During the Diocletianic Persecution between AD 303 and 305, many church leaders had gone as far as turning in Christians to the authorities and "handed over" sacred religious texts to authorities to be burned. Philip Schaff says about them: "In this, as in former persecutions, the number of apostates who preferred the earthly life to the heavenly, was very great. To these was now added also the new class of the traditores, who delivered the holy Scriptures to the heathen authorities, to be burned". Later, some of them would be returned to positions of authority under Constantine, sparking a split with the Donatist movement. While many church members would eventually come to forgive the traditors, the Donatists were less forgiving. They proclaimed that any sacraments celebrated by these priests and bishops were invalid. The sect had particularly developed and grown in North Africa. Emperor Constantine began to get involved in the dispute and, in 314, he called the Council of Arles, Gaul, now in France. The issue was debated, and the decision went against the Donatists. The Donatists refused to accept the decision of the council. Their "distaste for bishops who had collaborated" with Rome came out of their broader view of the empire. Held out as a counterexample to the traditors was the venerated Saint Vincent of Saragossa who preferred to suffer martyrdom rather than agree to consign Scripture to the fire. He is depicted in religious paintings holding the book whose preservation he preferred to his own life. The word traditor comes from the Latintransditio from trans + dare, and it is the source of the modern wordstraitor and treason. The same derivation, with a different context of what is handed to whom, gives the wordtradition as well.
