Toyota T engine
The Toyota T series is a family of inline-4 automobile engines manufactured by Toyota beginning in 1970 and ending in 1985. It started as a pushrod overhead valve design and later performance oriented twin cam variants were added to the lineup. Toyota had built its solid reputation on the reliability of these engines.
The [|4T-GTE] variant of this engine allowed Toyota to compete in the World Rally Championship in the early 1980s, making it the first Japanese manufacturer to do so.
Race engines based on the 2T-G include the 100E and 151E.
- All T engines utilize a timing chain and have a cast iron block with an alloy cylinder head with hardened valve seats and a hemispherical combustion chamber design.
- All T engines are carburated except those with electronic fuel injection, "E" designation.
- All T engines use a 2 valve OHV design except those with a DOHC performance head, "G" designation.
- The 12T/13T has a sub-cylinder directly behind the spark plug that leads into a smaller chamber for emission purposes.
Features overview
Code | Bore mm | Stroke mm | Power PS | Torque lb·ft | Compression | Years | Comments |
T | 80 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 86 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1970–1979 | |
T-B | 80 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 89 at 4,000 rpm | 9.0:1 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor |
T-BR | 80 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 86 at 4,000 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor, low compression |
T-J | 80 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 82 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1975-1979 | Japanese emission controls for commercial vehicles |
2T | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5:1 | 50 kW and 105Nm | |
2T-C | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 91 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1970–1979 | emission controls |
2T-B | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 4,000 rpm | 9.4:1 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor |
2T-BR | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 100 at 4,000 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1970–1975 | dual carburetor, low compression |
2T-U | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 94 at 3,800 rpm | 8.5:1 | 1975– | Japanese emission controls |
12T | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 94 at 3,800 rpm | 9.0:1 | Japanese emission controls | |
12T-U | 85 | 70 | at 5,600 rpm | 96 at 3,400 rpm | 9.3:1 | Japanese emission controls | |
12T-J | 85 | 70 | Japanese emission controls for commercial vehicles | ||||
2T-G | 85 | 70 | at 6,400 rpm | 105 at 5,200 rpm | 9.8:1 | 1970–1975 | DOHC, dual carburetor |
2T-GR | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 101 at 4,800 rpm | 8.8:1 | 1970–1975 | DOHC, dual carburetor, low compression |
2T-GEU | 85 | 70 | at 6,000 rpm | 109 at 4,800 rpm | 8.4:1 | 1978–1985 | DOHC, EFI, Japanese emission controls |
3T | 85 | 78 | |||||
3T-C | 85 | 78 | emission controls | ||||
3T-U | 85 | 78 | Japanese emission controls | ||||
3T-EU | 85 | 78 | at 5,400 rpm | 162 at 3,600 rpm | 9.0:1 | EFI, Japanese emission controls | |
3T-GTE | 85 | 78 | at 6,000 rpm | 152 at 4,800 rpm | 7.8:1 | DOHC, EFI, turbo, twin spark plugs, Japanese emission controls | |
3T-GTEU | 85 | 78 | at 6,000 rpm | 152 at 4,800 rpm | 7.8:1 | 1982-1985 | Same as 3T-GTE |
13T | 85 | 78 | Japanese emission controls | ||||
13T-U | 85 | 78 | 1977-1981 | Japanese emission controls | |||
4T-GTEU | 85.5 | 78.0 | Road version, DOHC, EFI, turbo, twin spark plugs, Japanese emission controls, 1,791 cc | ||||
4T-GTEU | 89.0 | 84.0 | Race version, DOHC, EFI, KKK turbo, twin spark plugs, 2,090 cc |
T
The first T engine displaced and was produced from 1970 through 1979. Cylinder bore and stroke is.Output is at 6,000 rpm and at 3,800 rpm. The more-powerful twin-carburetor T-B was produced for the first six years, as well as the single carb T-D which had a somewhat higher compression ratio for.
From 1977 there was also a T-J, a version with some simple emissions equipment intended for Japanese market commercial vehicles. With an 8.5:1 compression ratio, this produces at 6,000 rpm and at 3,800 rpm.
The T-U also appeared in 1977 with even stricter emission equipment for Japanese market non-commercial vehicles.
Applications:
- 1970-1977 Toyota Carina TA10/15/16V
- 1977-1979 Toyota Carina Van TA16V
- Toyota Celica TA20
- Toyota Corolla TE20/25
- Toyota Corolla TE30/35/50
- Toyota Sprinter TE40/50
2T
The 2T engines are usually coupled with either a T40 4 speed/T50 5 speed manual transmission, or an A40 3 speed automatic transmission.
Output for the early 2T-C bigport design is which is also due to different SAE testing methods, while the later version is at 5200 rpm and at 3800 rpm, compression at 9.0:1. The twin-carb 2T-B produces and. The 2T-J, for commercial vehicles with less restrictive emissions standards, produces at 6000 rpm and at 3800 rpm.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla E20 to E30 series
- Toyota Carina A10 to A60 series
- Toyota Celica A20 to A60 series
- Toyota Corona TT100/106V/110
- Toyota Corona TT130/137V
- Toyota Corona TT140
- Daihatsu Charmant
- Toyota TownAce TR10V
- Daihatsu Delta Wide TB10
12T
The 12T and 12T-U was produced from 1970 through 1983. It produces at 5,600 rpm and at 3,400 rpm. There was also a 12T-J version for commercial vehicles, which didn't have to meet as stringent emissions standards in Japan. In response to Honda's CVCC emissions, Toyota introduced "TTC-L", using a lean burn implementation.Applications:
- Toyota Corolla TE52
- Toyota Corolla Van TE73/74
- Mar 1976-Jul 1977 Toyota Carina TA31-A
- Aug 1977-Aug 1981 Toyota Carina TA41-A
- Aug 1979-Aug 1981 Toyota Carina Van TA49V-A
- Aug 1977-Jun 1981 Toyota Celica TA41-B
- Jan 1980-Feb 1982 Toyota Celica Camry TA41-C
- Aug 1977-Sep 1978 Toyota Corona TT120
- Sep 1978-Dec 1981 Toyota Corona TT130
- Dec 1979-Dec 1981 Toyota Corona Van TT138
- Jan 1982-Oct 1983 Toyota Corona Van TT147
- Toyota Sprinter TE66
- Toyota TownAce Wagon TR11G
- Apr 1978-Sep 1981 Daihatsu Charmant A40
- Daihatsu Delta Wide Wagon TB11G
2T-G
The 2T-G was replaced by the 4A-GE in most applications.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla Levin/Sprinter Trueno E20 through E70 series
- Toyota Celica A20 through A60 series
- Toyota Carina A10 through A60 series
When bored out to a maximum of and combined with a 3T crankshaft, the 2T and 2T-G will have a displacement of almost 2.0 L. The 2T and 3T series use the same connecting rod dimensions, with the different pin heights on the pistons. Aftermarket pistons are available from very low through to very high compression ratios. Racing 2T-G engines featured bore and stroke for a displacement. Output is around at 6,000 rpm with a 12.0:1 compression ratio. This engine was used in Formula 3 cars in both Europe and Japan, as well as in Formula Pacific.
3T
The 3T displaces and was produced from 1973 through 1985. Cylinder bore and stroke is. The 3T-U was originally compliant with Japan's 1976 emissions standards, from October 1977 it used Toyota's lean burn system called TGP in order to pass the 1978 emissions standards.The 3T OHV engines are mated to either of a T40 4-speed, T50 5-speed manual transmission, or an A40 3-speed, or A40D 4-speed automatic transmission.
Output ranges from and between the California 3T-C and Japan-spec fuel injected 3T-EU.
Applications:
- Toyota Carina TA40 series
- Toyota Carina TA60 series
- Toyota Corolla TE72
- 1973.08-1977.01 Toyota Corona TT121
- Toyota Corona TT130 series
- Toyota Corona TT141
- Toyota Celica A60 series
- Toyota Celica Camry TA50 series
- Toyota Mark II/Chaser TX30 series
13T
Applications:
- August 1979-1982 Toyota Corolla TE70
- Toyota Celica A40 series
- Toyota Celica Camry TA46
- Toyota TownAce TR15
- Toyota TownAce Truck TM20
- 1977.07-1978.09 Toyota Corona TT126
- Toyota Cresta TX50
- Toyota Chaser and Toyota Mark II TX60
- Daihatsu Delta Wide Wagon TB15G
3T-GTE
Applications:
- Sept 1982--1985 Toyota Celica TA63
- Sept 1982--? Toyota Carina TA63
- Sept 1982--? Toyota Corona TT142
4T-GTE
This is the version of the T family which powered Toyota's Group B and World Rally Championship cars. The homologation engine, introduced in November 1982, features a increase in bore over the 3T, giving. With a multiplication factor of 1.4 for turbocharged engines, this equalled in the eyes of the FIA, placing the Celica in the class. The smaller 3T engine would have fit snugly under the 2.5-liter limit, but being in the larger class allowed Toyota to stretch the 4T-GT engine to, for a converted displacement of which better suited the comparatively heavy Celica.In race trim it was a high-performance engine of with either a Toyota or a KKK/K27 turbocharger, electronic fuel injection, and a twin-spark ignition system, producing depending on race trim. The 1984 Group B rally version produced at 8,000 rpm. The road going homologation version produces. The total build number, including modified versions, was 228.
Applications:
- Toyota Celica Twincam Turbo TA64 GT-TS
- Toyota Celica "IMSA GTO"
- Toyota 83C
- Toyota 84C
- Toyota 85C
- Toyota 86C
- Eagle Mk I
Race engines
The '100E' engine used twin spark plugs with 2 valves per cylinder but was used mainly by a Toyota works team.
Italy Nova Corporation produced a 2.0 L engine based on the 2T-G that was used in most of the world F3 cars for a long time.
The production 4T-GTE was stretched to for race use.