Toyota Kijang


The Toyota Kijang is a series of pickup trucks, light commercial vehicles and multi purpose vehicles sold mainly in Southeast Asia by Toyota. "Kijang", meaning deer/muntjac in Indonesian, also an acronym of "Kerja Sama Indonesia-Jepang", was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and it had become the most popular car in the country of its time. The same vehicle was introduced earlier in the Philippines as the Toyota Tamaraw, where it was launched in December 1976. Fourth generation models in the Philippines were sold under the Toyota Revo nameplate. The Kijang is also sold in other countries, and is known as the Toyota Qualis in India and Nepal, Toyota Zace in Vietnam and Taiwan, Toyota Unser in Malaysia and Toyota Stallion in Africa for the basic models, with higher specifications labelled Toyota Venture and Toyota Condor in South Africa.
It was relatively affordable in the markets where it was sold when compared to the four-wheel drive vehicles and has high seating capacity, high ground clearance and rugged suspension, popular features in an area with generally poor road conditions and large extended families.
It was manufactured as a CKD unit in almost every country it was sold in and many of the parts come from each of the markets in which it was sold. The Kijang was designed with ease of manufacture in mind; in 1986, the assembly of the Kijang only cost 42 percent of the cost of assembling the much smaller EE80 Corolla.

First generation (F10; 1976)

The Kijang prototype was first displayed at the 1975 Jakarta Fair and then entered production in 1977. Its development was led by Osamu Ohta with Ohyama as the chief engineer in 1972. The first generation Kijang is a compact, light pickup truck powered by a carburetted 1.2-litre 3K four-cylinder OHV petrol engine matched to a 4-speed manual transmission. A pickup variant with rear body and roof was also produced. The Kijang Minibus was built by a local company.
The Kijang first entered the Indonesian market on 9 June 1977, although it had been on sale in the Philippines since 2 December 1976. It has a boxy design with externally hinged half doors and plastic/canvas windows. Designated KF10, it shared the 3K engine with the 1972 Corolla, coupled to a 4-speed manual transmission. It was colloquially nicknamed 'Kijang Buaya' as the engine hood resembled a crocodile's mouth once opened. The KF10 Kijang sold 26,806 units in its 4 years of production, when it would be replaced by the second generation model.

Tamaraw (Philippines)

In the Philippines, the Kijang was sold as the Tamaraw, produced in the 1970s up to early 1980s. Introduced in December 1976, it started as a small ton high-side pick-up with a 1.2-litre 3K engine producing, and was produced by the now-defunct Delta Motors, which assembled Toyota vehicles in the Philippines. It was considered as a "BUV", or "Basic Utility Vehicle". It had a 4-speed manual transmission, and some models had no driver- or front passenger-side doors. Because of its ruggedness and ease of maintenance, even its upgradability, some of these vehicles survive today, and its designs are sometimes copied or modified by local assemblers to this day. It was proven success that General Motors, Ford and Chrysler created their own versions of the BUV, including the two versions of the Pinoy and the Ford Fiera and Chrysler-Mitsubishi Cimarron.
The KF10 Tamaraw was also imported and distributed in Papua New Guinea in 1980 by Ela Motors, a division of the Burns Philip Group. The vehicle was renamed to Toyota Traka and was described as "using the same engine as the popular Toyota Corolla, the Traka is a basic utility vehicle capable of carrying a payload of and developing more than 60 hp".

Second generation (F20/F30; 1981)

The second generation Kijang retained its boxy style although the body panels were different. It is colloquially called the 'Kijang Doyok' in Indonesia. Under its slimmer hood was a 1.3-litre 4K engine, which was replaced in December 1985 by a 1.5-litre 5K engine. The only transmission option was a 4-speed manual. With the 5K engine, the power increased from to, both at 5,600 rpm. The 1986 model can be seen from the outside by rectangular headlamps and a redesigned grille. The Kijang started selling very strongly in 1983 and 1984, catching up to erstwhile market leaders such as the Suzuki Super Carry and the Daihatsu Hijet. The more powerful Kijang offered more carrying capacity, while the engine placement made it safer than its cheaper, kei truck-based competitors. In February 1985, the 100,000th Kijang left the production line.
In the Philippines, the Tamaraw was also sold as the long wheelbase F30 series, which was also promoted as an alternative to the jeepney. A local Philippine auto brand, Dragon, later took the designs of the long wheelbase Tamaraw and marketed it. Pilipinas Nissan bought the designs from Ford for what would have been the Fiera IV and marketed it as the "Bida", which resembles the long-wheelbase Tamaraw.

Third generation (F40/F50; 1986)

Introduced in November 1986, the third generation Kijang was offered in short wheelbase and long wheelbase versions. The Kijang was redesigned to be larger and heavier, and no longer prioritized as a pickup truck-based model. The Standard trim level had a 4-speed manual transmission, while the Super variant had a 5-speed manual transmission and a better equipped interior. Introduced in this generation was "Full Pressed Body" wagon built by companies appointed by Toyota. This technique were applied to reduce usage of putties up to for each car.
The Kijang received its first facelift in August 1992. The wagon model received a right-side rear door and adopted a new name, "Toyota Original Body", instead of "Full Pressed Body". In its creation process, it was fully pressed and used pointed welding. Up to this time, this model can be said as the one and only putty-free Kijang. The trim levels for the wagon model were:
In April 1995, the Kijang received a second facelift, including a redesigned grille, usage of Enkei 14-inch alloy wheels, redesigned steering wheel, addition of tachometers for Deluxe trim, and larger 1.8-litre 7K engine. With the introduction of the 7K engine, the production of the 5K engine was completely stopped. On 17 August 1995, a 4-speed automatic transmission was introduced as an optional modification for the SGX and LGX models for the first time in the Kijang. This 1995–1996 version was an anniversary model and was relatively expensive—it cost at the time.

Tamaraw FX (Philippines)

In the Philippines, versions of the Kijang were sold as the Tamaraw FX when it was introduced in the 1993. The Tamaraw FX was available either with a 1.8-litre 7K petrol engine or a 2.0-litre 2C diesel engine, all coupled with a 5-speed manual transmission. Power was and respectively, allowing for top speeds of.The Tamaraw FX was offered in 5 door long wheelbase wagon in either Standard, Deluxe and GL trim levels.The GL trim included power steering, cloth interior, cloth seats, a digital clock, door pocket, a 4 speaker casette radio, body cladding and 14 inch alloy wheels.Deluxe and standard models have steel wheels, 2 speaker cassette decks, and vinyl interiors however deluxe models receive full width side steps and bucket front seats.Dual AC is standard on all wagon models.The pick up variant was available in 11-seater high side pickup form and later in chassis cab configuration. In 2000 Deluxe,GL,and diesel wagon variants were discontinued leaving only the 1.8 standard wagon and pickup variants to be sold alongside the Revo until 2002 when the Tamaraw is finally discontinued
The Tamaraw FX was meant for use as a passenger wagon. It still retained the ruggedness of the old Tamaraw and is ideal for rough roads and carrying heavy loads. It was assembled by Toyota Motor Philippines. Also around this time, after Ford left the Philippines in 1984, Pilipinas Nissan bought the rights to produce the Fiera IV under the name Nissan Bida; and local car assembler Carter Motors came up with their own version, the Masa.

Zace (Vietnam and Taiwan)

The Kijang was sold in Vietnam and Taiwan under the Zace name. Introduced in Taiwan in 1988 the station wagon model was offered in either low roof long wheelbase wagon with regular side opening rear door and a high roof version lift gate variant while a pickup variant was also offered with a choice of either a 1.5L or 1.8 engine. The Taiwanese market Zace wagons was offered in either 5/8 seater configurations. The Vietnamese market Zace only had an 8-seater configuration.

Venture/Stallion (South Africa)

The Kijang was built and sold in South Africa in three body styles as the High roof station wagon Venture, or as a commercial vehicle under the Stallion nameplate available either as a panel van or pickup truck. The advertising campaign for the Stallion had local Afrikaans comedian Tolla Van Der Merwe, and because of his popularity it is commonly called the "Tolla bakkie".
The Venture was available with three engine choices: a 1.8 petrol, 2.2 petrol, and a 2.4 diesel.Standard equipment include: Gear lock, Rear wiper and Washer, Power steering, Air conditioning, and a ten seat configuration.2.2 Engine models also include an immobilizer alarm as standard while the range-topping 2.2 GLE adds a 9-seater configuration, central locking and makes a cassette radio standard equipment.A Rear Differential Lock is an available option for 2.4D and 2.2GLE models.
The Stallion was available in either Panel van or as a Single Cab Truck with a 1.8 petrol engine mated to a 4-Speed Manual while the 2.4 diesel was available for the pickup body style with a 5-speed Manual Transmission as an option.An immobilizer alarm was offered as an option as well as a bush bar, tow bar, and extra driving lights.The Pickup Variants van also be optioned to be delivered as a chassis cab while the 1.8 pickup is also offered with optional 14" alloy wheels.

Qualis (India)

The 3rd generation Kijang was launched in India on January 2000 as Toyota's first entry into India's automobile market following a joint venture with the Kirloskar Group in 1997.The Kijang was sold in India under the Qualis name. The Qualis was based on the third generation global model, but updated with front and rear styling, an updated interior making use of the switch gear, instrument cluster and rear air conditioning blower unit from the 4th generation kijang. Critics said the vehicle was outdated that came with an awkward design and did not expect it to sell well. However, Qualis was a hit as the vehicle was welcomed by taxi, fleet operators and large Indian families over others like Tata's Sumo and Mahindra's Bolero. The Qualis was initially sold only with a 2.4-liter 2L-II SOHC diesel upon its introduction in 2000 in FS/GS/GST trims whlie the fuel-injected 2.0-litre 1RZ-E SOHC petrol engine was later made available in the range topping GST Super. The FS model is the base trim with a spartan vinyl interior with powersteering and front airconditioning as options. The middle grade GS trim gets better cloth interior with better sound deadening, power steering, front airconditioning, and body cladding as standard with power windows and central locking offered as options The Top end 8 seater GST and the petrol GST Super included front fog lamps, rear wiper and washer, wood trim, rear spoiler, alloy wheels, and all GS options as standard.The model range would get revamped in 2002 that brought roll down windows to the 2nd row doors with power windows for all 4 doors and central locking being standard to the now 8 seater only GS variant with rear AC and rear wiper and washer offered as options while the range topping GST/GST super would get replaced by a new 7-seater RS variant with captain seats. The Toyota Qualis would get replaced by the toyota Innova in 2005 skipping the fourth Generation Kijang entirely.

Fourth generation (F60/F70/F80; 1997)

Indonesia

In January 1997, the fourth generation Kijang was launched with a more rounded, aerodynamic shape. It was originally planned to be introduced in 2000, but since Mitsubishi wanted to push the Kuda in 1998, it was instead launched three years in advance. It was more powerful and more refined than its predecessors. The wagon model, often colloquially known as "Kijang Kapsul", was designated either the F70 series or the F80 series, and features a rear liftgate rather than a side-opening rear door, with some coachbuild versions still retain the latter. The pickup model was designated as the F60 series. For the first time, the 2L diesel-powered Kijang was offered and later became the most popular model. Either the carburetted 7K or the fuel-injected 7K-E-powered Kijang was also the most popular model due to its low maintenance cost, despite being underpowered compared to the 2.0-litre 1RZ-E unit. It was built on the same platform as the sixth generation Hilux.
The fourth generation wagon model Kijangs were generally released in four different trim levels, depending on wheelbase options:
The pickup model was offered in Standard Deck and Flat Deck variants.
Some versions called Grand Rover Ace and Jantan Raider, which were made by local coachbuilders, was also sold only in a few units. The Grand Rover Ace is based on the LSX trim and has an SUV-like body, resembling the J80 series Land Cruiser.
The Short wheelbase wagon has a 7-seat capacity using jumpseats in the rear while the 8-seater Long wheelbase wagon uses a bench type front facing third row seats albeit without seatbelts.
The fourth generation Kijang has undergone several changes:
The production of fourth generation Kijang passenger wagon ended in September 2004 with a total production of 452,017 units. The pickup truck variant continued to sold until February 2007.

Unser (Malaysia)

The fourth generation Kijang was sold in Malaysia as the Unser between mid-1998 to May 2005 when it was replaced by the Innova. The Unser is only offered in an 8 seater configuration with seatbelts for all three rows available as Standard. Initially offered with either a 2.4 2L Diesel engine or a 1.8 7K-E gasoline engine and a 5-speed manual transmission, beginning in July 2000, an automatic variant was available with the 1.8 7K-E engine. In April 2001, a facelift was introduced. Changes included new multi-reflector headlamps, integrated spotlights into the front bumper, clear lenses with coloured bulbs for the taillights and a new steering wheel designavailable in either Gasoline or Diesel trims.. For 2003, the Unser was updated again and now only available with the 1.8 7K-E engine in two trim levels: GLi and LGX incorporating new exterior design, suede interior trim, 50/50 front facing third row seats with the new LGX trim adding power mirrors, chrome trim and body cladding.
Front
Rear

Revo (Philippines)

;1998–2000
The fourth generation Kijang was sold in the Philippines under the Tamaraw FX Revo nameplate. The model was introduced in 1998 to replace the Tamaraw FX. The platform and diesel engine were based from the similar era Hilux. Engine choices include a 1.8-litre EFI for the petrol engine and 2.4-litre diesel engine. Trim levels available are the DLX, GL, GLX, SR, the high-end LXV, VX200 and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J. The LXV trim was discontinued in the 2000 model year in favor of the VX200, while the GSX is a whole new variant. Facelifted versions were introduced in 2002; two J-spec trim lines were retired from the line, and higher-end trim versions received upgraded leather seating, entertainment systems and appointments.
The DLX has a vinyl interior, a two spoke steering wheel, a two-speaker radio/tape set-up and steel wheels with center ornaments. The GL trim has steel wheels with hubcaps, a four speaker radio/tape set-up and a fabric interior. The GLX, SR and LXV has a six speaker radio/tape set-up, fog lamps, alloy wheels, a rear wiper and all power amenities. Body graphics are exclusive to the SR and LXV only. The LXV had gold-trimmed badges. The SR has the word "Sport Runner" written in a font set similar to the one used for the Supra. It sold very well, in 1998 it accumulated a total sales of 7,700 units. Safety features were basic such as safety belts, load sensing proportioning valve, child-proof door locks and door impact beams.
The first released diesel powered Revo was notorious for being a smoke belcher, even among other diesels at that time, with some complaints from owners. Despite this, Mazda, Ford and Isuzu released competing models, most notably the Isuzu Hi-Lander and its popular variant the Crosswind.
;2000–2002
For 2000, Toyota revised the Revo, with badge changes and trim line revamp. Engine choices include the 1.8-litre EFI and 2.0-litre SOHC EFI petrol engines and a 2.4-litre OHC direct-injection diesel engine. The 2.4-litre diesel engine has been revised to address smoke-belching complaints.
The Revo received a facelift, featuring clear halogen headlamps, new wheels, new interiors and availability of new colours. Trim levels include the DLX, GL, GSX, GLX, SR, VX200 and the limited edition SR-J and VX200-J. The VX line eventually replaced the LXV; and the GSX is a whole new variant.
The DLX, the entry level, has only power steering, and no other power features. This variant lacks a tachometer, and is equipped only with a tape deck/radio receiver, 2 speakers in the front row only, vinyl interior and it has 14-inch steel wheels with center ornament. The GL is the "higher-end entry-level" with radio-CD setup, fabric interior, tachometer, and steel wheels with hubcaps. The remaining lines has all-power features, CD player/radio receiver and six-speaker setup, as well as rear-window defoggers. The VX and SR-J lines have leather seats and TV screens mounted on the dashboard and on the headrests. Only the SR-J, a special version of the SR, the GSX and the VX200 and VX200J had 2.0-litre petrol engines and power fender-mounted radio antennas. Front-facing third-row seats were made as an option albeit without three-point seatbelts, a rarity for the vehicle type at that time in the Philippines.
;2003–2005
The VX240D was introduced to the new lineup in mid-2004. The Revo received its third and last refreshing. The J series of Toyota vehicles were discontinued, hence the discontinuation of its two J-spec trim lines. It received a badge revision, availability of new colours and exterior and interior details, including a 3 spoke steering wheel with a chrome Toyota logo, larger headlamps, Land Cruiser style tail lights, upgraded audio systems and other additional features. The top trim received upgraded leather seats, upgraded entertainment systems, chrome appointments, side-steps and upgraded dual DVD monitors. For the SR, a new livery was introduced, as well as the words "SPORT RUNNER" executed in plain text, discontinuing the use of the font used for the Supra. GLX and GSX trims received new wheels and different livery for the GSX.
It had good sales expectations but was discontinued in 2005 likely due to Toyota's IMV project. The last Revos were either sold to rental fleets, police departments, or people who want to snap the last few examples, until February 2005.

Zace Surf (F60/F84/F85)/Condor (F80/F81/F85)/Stallion (F60)

The Zace Surf, Condor and Stallion are high roof station wagon based on the long wheelbase Kijang wagon. For the right hand drive South African market Condor and was initially offered with a choice of the 1.8-litre 2Y engine in the base Estate trim, 2.4-litre 2RZ-E petrol engine and a 3.0-litre 5L diesel engine. Unique to the Condor is the 7-seat configuration with second row individual seating, door locks integrated to the inner door handles, Corolla style outside door handles,and a lack of a rear cooler option. An 8-seat configuration later replaced the 7-seater with the 2nd row seats being exchanged for a split 60/40 unit and the third row bench with a 50/50 side folding unit as a refreshed model which also included the front end design as well as the rear taillights from the second facelift kijang while still retaining cloth interior from the first kijang facelift and the use of rubber seals in the rear window. Full time 4WD, and driver side airbag were available in TX trim. The Condor is sold as well in Ghana with 1.8-litre 2Y and 3.0-litre 5L engines with a 10-seat configuration with a 4x4 option being available to the diesel models.
The Stallion Panel Van was introduced initially with a 1.8-litre 2Y engine sharing the F60 designation with the Kijang/Zace pickup, in a 5-seat configuration with second row seats having lap belts instead of the standard three-point seat belts found in the Condor's outermost seats.Immobilizers were standard equipment throughout the entire South African Condor/Stallion range while included as part of the 4x4 model in Ghana markets.
The left-hand drive Zace Surf for the Taiwanese market was available in both 5 and 8-seater configurations with a choice of either a 1.8-litre or 2.4-litre petrol engine. Anti-lock brakes were available with the 1.8-litre petrol engine as standard in Urban Wagon and pre-refresh GL models while available as an option in GL Limited, DX-Limited and DX trims with all 2.4-litre models receiving anti lock brakes as standard.A Driver side airbag was also standard equipment for Urban Wagon and pre-refresh GL models as well as in 4WD trims. The 8-seat configuration using a 50/50 split side folding unit with third row seatbelts as used in the unser and late model Condors was initially offered as a trim level to both 1.8-litre and 2.4-litre 4WD models with the later being discontinued in 2002 Both Models are rare however as owners opted to install aftermarket bench seats to 5-seater models instead. Refreshed models more closely mimic the changes made in the Kijang's second refresh that included the suede interior as well the use of compound sealant for the rear glass/ Unique to the Zace Surf is the use of a printed window antenna, the option of a roof mounted VCD player and a car phone in later, higher end trims.

Replacement

Due to its diversified roles in its respective markets the Kijang was succeeded by the Avanza and Toyota IMV platform vehicles.
Toyota replaced the Kijang station wagon across Southeast Asia with the smaller Avanza in 2003, and the larger Innova in 2004. The latter has been retailed by Toyota Astra Motor in Indonesia as the "Kijang Innova" to retain its linkage with the original model. Toyota categorize the Innova as the fifth and sixth generation Kijang. The Kijang pickup was sold until early 2007, when it was replaced by the Hilux pickup truck to comply with the Euro 2 emission standards.
The Indian market Qualis was replaced by the Innova, skipping the fourth generation model entirely.
The Malaysian market Unser was sold alongside the Avanza introduced in late 2004 until the middle of 2005, when it was discontinued in favor of the Innova being introduced.
The Innova was marketed in 2005 as the successor to the Revo in the Philippine market with marketing material referring to the Innova as "A Beautiful evolution" referencing the Revo nameplate. Given the family oriented nature of the Innova, taxi and commercial businesses served previously by the entry level DLX and GL Revo trims were now served by the Avanza, while the upmarket SR and VX trims now being catered to by the Fortuner SUV.
The Taiwanese Zace Surf was replaced with the Innova equipped with the 2.7 L 2TR-FE petrol engine with no replacement for the four-wheel-drive variant and pickup truck. The Fortuner, then codenamed IMV4, was slated to be imported by local distributor Hotai Motors as to reflect the Zace Surf's then current lineup however due to strategic consideration by Toyota, the Innova was launched in 2007 instead with the 2TR-FE to meet emission regulations with the smaller 1TR-FE being introduced later to replace the larger engine. In 2016, the Innova was discontinued from the Taiwanese market with the second generation Innova not slated to be imported.
The Africa/Ghana market Condor was replaced by the Fortuner in 2006, Avanza in 2007 and Innova introduced in late 2011, while panel van duties served by the African market Stallion were passed onto a panel van version of the Avanza introduced in late 2013. The second generation Innova is not slated to be introduced to the South African market due to shrinking MPV market and poor sales.

Toyota Avanza

Toyota IMV platform

Production and sales

Production

Sales