Tiberius Cavallo was born on 30 March 1749 at Naples, Italy where his father was a physician. In 1771 he moved to England. He made several ingenious improvements in scientific instruments. Cavallo is often cited as the inventor of Cavallo's multiplier. He also developed a "pocket electrometer" that he used to amplify small electric charges to make them observable and measurable with an electroscope. Parts of the instrument were protected from drafts by a glass enclosure. He also worked on refrigeration. Following the work of William Cullen in 1750 and Joseph Black in 1764, Cavallo was the first to carry out systematic experiments on refrigeration using the evaporation of volatile liquids, in 1781. He was interested in the physical properties of "airs" or gases, and carried out experiments on "inflammable air". In his Treatise on the Nature and Properties of Air he makes “a judicious examination of contemporary work", discussing both the phlogiston theory ofJoseph Priestley and the contrasting views of Antoine Lavoisier. In June 1782, a paper of Cavallo's was read at the Royal Society, describing the first attempt to lift a hydrogen-filled balloon into the air. His History and Practice of Aerostation is considered "one of the earliest and best works on aerostation published in eighteenth century England". In it, Cavallo discusses both recent experiments in ballooning, and its underlying principles. Cavallo targeted a more general audience in this work, avoiding technical jargon and mathematical proofs, and was an effective science communicator to both his peers and the general public. His work influenced pioneer balloonists Jacques Charles, the Robert brothers, and Jean-Pierre Blanchard. Cavallo also published on musical temperament in his treatise Of the Temperament of Those Musical Instruments, in Which the Tones, Keys, or Frets, are Fixed, as in the Harpsichord, Organ, Guitar, &c. , Old St Pancras. Cavallo's name is towards the bottom, but the letters B and C are missing. He died in London on 21 December 1809. He was buried in Old St Pancras Churchyard reportedly in a vault near that of Pasquale Paoli. The grave is lost but he is listed on the Burdett Coutts memorial of 1879 to the many important persons buried therein.
