The Theory of Capitalist Development is a 1942 book by the Marxian economistPaul Sweezy, in which the author expounds and defends the labor theory of value. It has received praise as an important work, but Sweezy has also been criticized for misrepresenting Karl Marx's economic theories.
Summary
Sweezy expounds and defends the labor theory of value. The book is divided into four sections. 1. Value and Surplus Value 2. The Accumulation Process 3. Crisis and Depression 4. Imperialism The piece begins by discussing the use of abstraction in Marx's works. Beginning chapters are devoted to the concept of labor, including the qualitative and quantitative ideas about labor in the Marxist view. Sweezy continues to outline the Marxian concepts of both the labor theory of Value and surplus value, as well as covers the role of supply and demand. Reproduction schemes are introduced and used to outline the extraction of surplus value and to criticize the traditional, albeit limited, Marxian solution to the Transformation problem. Sweezy develops his own method to solving it, while attempting to remain close to the original Marxian version. He later discusses the concept of the reserve army of labor, and its tendency to reduce wages. The larger focus of the third section, Crisis and Depression, is the theory of under-consumption. The interpretations of Eduard Bernstein, Rudolph Hilferding, Karl Kautsky and others theories of capitalist crises are discussed. The notion of Chronic Depression is criticized as Sweezy expands and writes about the role of the state in the capitalist economy. The section is further devoted to the analysis of capitalism under monopoly conditions. Sweezy argues that the development of monopolies arises out of the centralization of capital; furthermore monopolies provide less goods at higher consumer costs. Having conquered the domestic markets, monopolies, with state support, attempt to expand markets to less-developed countries through Imperialism. The last section covers the role of the capitalist state as an economic instrument, the exportation of markets, and subsequent developments of anti-tariff “free traders”, nationalism, racism, and “Wars of Redivision” in which countries fight for colonial possessions in order to further the interests of capital.