The Association to Stop Racism Against Blacks
The Association to Stop Racism Against Blacks was a private organization founded in Japan in 1988. Based at Sakai, Osaka, the association was noted for causing publishers around Japan to suspend printing localized versions of the picture book The Story of Little Black Sambo.
Summary
The organization was initially formed by a couple, Toshiji and Kimiko Arita, living in Sakai, Osaka, together with their nine year-old son, Hajima Arita, on August 11, 1988. Kimiko Arita was the association's chairman and Kimiko Arita the vice chairman. Hajime Arita was treasurer. Initially they were the only members of the association, but its membership increased to 135 by February 1992 and 225 by December 1995. There is no report of recent activity from the organization.Origin
In July 1988, The Washington Post published a report titled "Old Black Stereotypes Find New Lives in Japan", which describes the design of a Sambo and Banana doll by Sanrio, as well as mannequins manufactured by Yamato Mannequin which were found in department stores, as discriminatory. Sanrio immediately ceased the doll's production and recalled all the dolls. However, after reading the report, the Arita family agreed with the position of the article that such an expression can be considered as discriminatory, and as a result they went to collect goods that depicted black people from shops and started investigating how they were being depicted.Activity
Activities of the association mainly include sending opposition letters against characters, comic, animation, publishers and corporate, for expressions that were considered by the association to be discriminatory depictions of black people, and occasionally included other racial discrimination.The association achieved the followings result from their efforts:
- As a result of their protest, publication of the picture book The Story of Little Black Sambo ceased for some time from December 1989.
- Via reports from a Washington newspaper, the family of three were welcomed to the United States by an African American organization in August 1989. In the US, they met Jesse Jackson, a former president candidate, and Tom Bradley, the Los Angeles mayor at the time. According to the report from "Buraku Liberate" Volume November 1989, they were named "Champions against discrimination"
- Calpis food stopped using their black symbol mark as the association secretary from January 1990, who were 12 years old at the time, claim the symbol mark is a "typical discrimination"
- Takara stopped using their "" trademark.
- A total survey on publications with "black people" appearing have been conducted. In late 1990, the association have sent letters to all publishers, asking them to react accordingly before their given deadline. As a result, more than 300 volumes works have been ceased from publication for a period of time, including the like of "Kimba the White Lion", and the "Complete Collection of Osamu Tezuka Comic" which totaled to 300 volumes at a time was also affected.
- * The protest was noted in "Message from the editor" section at the end of the "Complete Collection of Osamu Tezuka Comic".
- In July 1990, the association have made a protest on the Obake no Q-tarō, which include a chapter titled "International Obake Union", where an obake with an image of black people was depicted. As a result, some volumes have been recalled and ceased from publication.
- Showpieces in Osamu Tezuka Exhibition are replaced as a result.
- In 1990 August, the association have launched protest against Dr. Slump by Akira Toriyama, Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo by Osamu Akimoto, Scrap Sandayu by Yudetamago, The Burning Wild Man by Tadashi Satou, and Tsuide ni Tonchinkan by Koichi Endo, that resulted in corresponding amendment in these works.
- In 1992, they protested against the "GOMES" magazine published by Parco and caused it to be recalled.
- In September 1993, they launched a protest and demanded for recall against a Sanrio picture book which have included an song titled "Kawaii Cook-san".
- In December 1995, they launched a protest and caused the recall of Anmitsu Hime by Izumi Takemoto.
- In September 1998, a souvenir doll that looks like black people from Okinawa removed from sale and a child park in Sapporo were renamed from "Kuronbo Park" to "Ohisama Park" as a result of their protest.
- In June 1999, a protest against "Animal Kingdom of Osamu Tezuka" by Osamu Tezuka was launched, which resulted in tentative disturbance in release process before the protest being rejected.
- In 2000, Iwanami Bunko's translation of "On the Edge of the Primeval Forest" by Albert Schiweitzer was demanded for shipment suspension because of allegedly discriminatory expressions against native population in Africa.
- The event was also reported in America, which gathered support from organizations against racial discrimination on black people, but as described in latter paragraph it have caused criticism among fans of the series and commentators who support freedom of expression.
- In 2002, they have again launched complain against Iwakuni Bunko for discriminatory expressions in Doctor Dolittle.
Comments
Also, as their protest caused publishers stopped printing some older words, they have drawn considerable amount of criticism from the society. Their demand have also been seen as infringement on freedom of expression.
These requests are not considered illegal because "infringement on freedom of expression" usually only applies to action pressed by authority or government. On top of it, the association also launched complaints against works that have minimal appearances of black people. Some works are able to survive their complaints by refusal to comply with their request, but in some other cases, these complaints have caused authors to seal and suspend production of their works.
In 1989 April volume of "Buraku Liberate", the deputy chairman of the association wrote that "The picture book is just a piece of merchandise that discriminates against black people. No matter how well known the book is among the general public and no matter how valuable it is literature, that still does not constitute an excuse against the fact." which maintain their position without allowing any compromises. However, in response to interview by Nishinihon Shimbun, the deputy chairman tries to claim they don't want to extinguish the picture book. But, when publishers are trying to discuss the incident with them, they have rejected to participate in such discussion. As of 2014, there is no public opinion available from them in any form of public communication channels like website or social network.