Taylor was drafted in the third round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft by the Texas Rangers. His first major league hit happened on July 20, 2008. It came off Minnesota TwinspitcherScott Baker in the top of the 6th, who, until then, had not given up a hit all game. It would end up being the only run of the game in a Rangers 1–0 victory. In his first 40 plate appearances he had 10 extra base hits, a record tied in 2018 by first baseman Rowdy Tellez for the most by any ballplayer since 1913. Teagarden played for the 2008 USA Olympic Team. Sent to Double-A Frisco early in the 2010 season, Teagarden was called back up to the Majors in July 2010 due to the injuries of catcher Matt Treanor. While at Double-A Frisco, he finished fourth in the fan vote for A.L. catcher for the 2010 All-Star game with 631,674 votes, above Major League catchers John Buck of the Blue Jays, Mike Napoli of the Angels and A. J. Pierzynski of the White Sox. Teagarden hit three home runs in his first five games after his July recall from the minors.
Baltimore Orioles
He was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for minor-league pitcher Randy Henry and a player to be named later on December 1, 2011. However, he began the 2012 season on the disabled list due to lower-back injuries. He was cleared to begin baseball activities on June 1, 2012 and began his minor league rehab games with the Double-A Bowie Baysox on July 6. On the same day he was activated by the Orioles off the disabled list on July 14, he hit a two-run, two-out homer off Joaquín Benoit to end a 13-inning 8–6 victory over the Detroit Tigers at Camden Yards. He was designated for assignment on September 1, 2013 and subsequently became a free agent.
Teagarden signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets with an invite to Spring Training on January 6, 2014. The Mets selected Teagarden's contract from the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s on June 8. He hit a grand slam in his first game for the Mets on June 10 against the Milwaukee Brewers, the second grand slam of his career. Teagarden elected free agency in October 2014.
Chicago Cubs
On January 10, 2015, Teagarden signed a minor league deal with the Chicago Cubs. In early July, the Cubs needed catching depth and called up Teagarden to backup starter Miguel Montero behind the plate. Teagarden was batting.294 with 19 RBI in 43 games for the Iowa Cubs.
PED usage
On December 26, 2015, Teagarden was named in an linking him to performance-enhancing drugs usage. Teagarden is shown in an undercover video talking about his PED usage in years past. Teagarden initially made no comment on the video. On April 1, 2016 Teagarden was suspended 80 games for violating the MLB's Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program. Teagarden ended his career following the conclusion of the 2017 season.
