Swedish Livonia
Swedish Livonia was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1629 until 1721. The territory, which constituted the southern part of modern Estonia and the northern part of modern Latvia, represented the conquest of the major part of the Polish-Lithuanian Duchy of Livonia during the 1600–1629 Polish-Swedish War. Parts of Livonia and the city of Riga were under Swedish control as early as 1621 and the situation was formalized in Truce of Altmark 1629, but the whole territory was not ceded formally until the Treaty of Oliva in 1660. The minority part of the Wenden Voivodeship retained by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was renamed the Inflanty Voivodeship, which today corresponds to the Latgale region of Latvia.
Riga was the second largest city in the Swedish Empire at the time. Together with other Baltic Sea dominions, Livonia served to secure the Swedish dominium maris baltici. In contrast to Swedish Estonia, which had submitted to Swedish rule voluntarily in 1561 and where traditional local laws remained largely untouched, the uniformity policy was applied in Swedish Livonia under Karl XI of Sweden: serfdom was abolished, peasants were offered education as well as military, administrative or ecclesiastical careers, and nobles had to transfer domains to the king in the Great Reduction.
The territory in turn was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Great Northern War and, following the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710, formed the Governorate of Livonia. Formally, it was ceded to Russia in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721, together with Swedish Estonia and Swedish Ingria.The dominion was ruled by appointed Governors-General, but retained its own diet.
;Infantry regiments:
- Garnisonsregementet i Riga
- Guvenörsregementet i Riga
- Livländsk infanteribataljon I
- Livländsk infanteribataljon II
- Livländsk infanteribataljon III
- Livländsk infanteribataljon IV
- Livländskt infanteriregemente I
- Livländskt infanteriregemente II
- Livländskt infanteriregemente III
- Livländskt infanteriregemente IV
- Livländskt infanteriregemente V
;Cavalry regiments:
- Laurentzens fridragoner
- Lewenhaupts frikompani
- Adelsfanan i Livland och Ösel
- Livländsk dragonskvadron I
- Livländsk dragonskvadron II
- Livländskt dragonregemente I
- Livländskt dragonregemente II
- Öselska lantdragonskvadronen
Temporary cavalry regiments:
- Livländska ståndsdragonbataljonen
- Öselska ståndsdragonbataljonen
