Survivor (American TV series)


Survivor is the American version of the international Survivor reality competition television franchise, itself derived from the Swedish television series Expedition Robinson created by Charlie Parsons which premiered in 1997. The American series premiered on May 31, 2000, on CBS. It is hosted by television personality Jeff Probst, who is also an executive producer along with Mark Burnett and the original creator, Parsons.
The television show places a group of strangers in an isolated location, where they must provide food, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants, until only one remains and is given the title of "Sole Survivor" and is awarded the grand prize of US$1,000,000.
The American version has been very successful. From the 2000–01 through the 2005–06 television seasons, its first eleven seasons rated among the top ten most watched shows. It is commonly considered the leader of American reality TV because it was the first highly rated and profitable reality show on broadcast television in the U.S., and is considered one of the best shows of the 2000s. The series has been nominated for several Emmy Awards, including winning for Outstanding Sound Mixing in 2001, Outstanding Special Class Program in 2002, and was subsequently nominated four times for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program when the category was introduced in 2003. Probst won the award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program four consecutive times after the award was introduced in 2008. In 2007, the series was included in Time magazine's list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all time. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it at #39 on its list of the "60 Best Series of All Time".
The series' 40th season premiered on February 12, 2020, during the 20th anniversary of the show, and finished airing on May 13, 2020. Production for the 41st and 42nd seasons have been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, delaying their planned broadcasts in the 2020–21 television season.

Format and rules

The first U.S. season of Survivor followed the same general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players, split between two or more "tribes", are taken to a remote isolated location and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days. Frequent physical and mental challenges are used to pit the teams against each other for rewards, such as food or luxuries, or for "immunity", forcing the other tribe to attend "Tribal Council", where they must vote off one of their tribemates.
Signaling the halfway point in the game, survivors from both tribes come together to live as one, making it to the "merge". At this point, survivors will compete against each other to win Individual Immunity; winning immunity prevents that player from being voted out at Tribal Council. Most players that are voted out after the merge form the game's "jury". Once the group gets down to two or three people, a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members. The jury then votes for which player should be considered the "Sole Survivor" and win the show's grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version, this has included a $1-million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title; some seasons have included additional prizes offered during the game, such as a car, as well as fan-favorite prizes awarded at the finale. All contestants are paid on a sliding-scale based on the order they were voted out: the first player voted out has been given and the amount increases from there. Some of the seasons that have featured returning players have increased these amounts: ' featured payouts starting at, while Winners at War had a minimum payout. All players are offered for participating in the finale show.
The U.S. version has introduced numerous modifications, or "twists", on the core rules in order to keep the players on their toes and to prevent players from relying on strategies that succeeded in prior seasons. These changes have included tribal switches, seasons starting with more than two tribes, the ability to exile a player from a tribe for a short time, unannounced returning players, hidden immunity idols that players can use to save themselves or others at Tribal Council, special voting powers which can be used to influence the result at Tribal Council, chance to return to regular gameplay after elimination through the "Redemption Island," "Edge of Extinction" or "The Outcast Tribe" twists, and a final four fire-making challenge as of season 35.
Since the second season onward, the show's run has ended with a live reveal of the winner with votes read in front of a live studio audience, following by host Jeff Probst interviewing players about the events in the game. The exceptions to this were for
', which was filmed in front of a live studio audience but taped four hours in advance due to the controversy surrounding contestant Dan Spilo's behavior, and ', where a video conferencing event was used during the broadcast of the final episode due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The final episode of the latter also lacked the live reunion and promo for the upcoming 41st season as well. As part of this, up through ', the production of the last part of the recorded final Tribal Council showed Probst taking the urn or container containing the votes and traveling with it by some means, transitioning this to the live show and suggesting a type of continuity between events; for example ' appeared to have Probst jet-ski from the Amazon rainforest directly to New York City where the live show was held. According to Probst, they had also filmed a similar sequence for the 29th season ': he had paddled out on a canoe from the location in Nicaragua, and then paddling into Venice, California from a nearby island. Once on the beach, he would have asked a teenager to borrow his skateboard in the same manner as the "Hey Kid, Catch!" Coke commercial with Mean Joe Greene, with Probst doing some tricks on the skateboard before tossing it back. However, Probst had no idea how to ride a skateboard and even after some basic training, he could not complete the trick for filming. Production opted to eliminate that transition for San Juan del Sur, and they eliminated any similar transitions for future seasons.

Series overview

The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 16 episodes. The first season, ', was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with ', there have been two seasons aired during each U.S. television season.
In the first season, there was a 75-person crew. By season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people.
A total of 590 contestants have competed on Survivors 40 seasons.
;Notes

Production

Concept

The original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway. Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it, but the network turned it down. Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find a broadcaster, ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997. The show was a success, and plans for international versions were made.
Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States, though he recognized that the Swedish version was a bit crude and mean-spirited. Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values, based on his prior Eco-Challenge show, and wanted to focus more on the human drama experienced while under pressure. Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show, retooling the concept based on feedback. On November 24, 1999, Burnett made his pitch to Les Moonves of CBS, and Moonves agreed to pick up the show. The first season, , was filmed during March and April 2000, and was first broadcast on May 31, 2000. The first season became a ratings success, leading to its current ongoing run.

Locations

The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, usually favoring warm and tropical climates. Starting with, two seasons have filmed back-to-back in the same location, to be aired in the same broadcast year. Since, the show was filmed in the Mamanuca Islands of Fiji.
Continent/RegionLocations
AfricaGabon, Kenya
AsiaCambodia, China, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand
OceaniaAustralia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Palau, Samoa, Vanuatu
Central AmericaGuatemala, Nicaragua, Panama
South AmericaBrazil

Since The Australian Outback, the announcement of each season's winner and subsequent reunion have been broadcast live in front of a studio audience, with the exception of Island of the Idols, which went "live-to-tape" four hours before the finale's premiere as a result of controversies regarding players in the game. Locations usually alternate between the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles.

Reception

U.S. television ratings

Survivor had consistently been one of the top 20 most watched shows through its first 23 seasons. It has not broken the to 20 since. Probst acknowledged that Kelly Kahl, the current president of CBS, had been a significant proponent of the show. When Survivor had launched, Kahl, then vice-president of scheduling, took a risk and moved the show's second season to Thursdays in competition with NBC's Friends. Survivor won viewership numbers over Friends, giving Kahl significant sway within CBS to continue supporting Survivor.
Seasonal rankings of the United States version of Survivor on CBS.
Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.
;Notes

Awards and nominations

Primetime Emmy Awards

YearCategoryNominee/EpisodeResult
2001Outstanding Non-Fiction Program
2001Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Non-Fiction ProgramTerrance Dwyer "The Marooning"
2001Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming"Honeymoon or Not?"
2001Outstanding Main Title Theme MusicRuss Landau
2001Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming"Trial by Fire"
2001Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special"Survivor: The Reunion"
2002Outstanding Lighting Direction for VMC Programming"Finale and the Reunion"
2002Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Two Peas in a Pod"
2002Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Series"Finale and the Reunion"
2003Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program
2003Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming "The Importance of Being Earnest"
2003Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "More Than Meats the Eye"
2003Outstanding Reality/Competition Program
2004Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming "Beg, Barter and Steal"
2004Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming "Swimming with Sharks"
2004Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Shark Attack"
2004Outstanding Reality/Competition Program
2004Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming "They're Back"
2005Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming "This Has Never Happened Before"
2005Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming "This Has Never Happened Before"
2005Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Culture Shock and Violent Storms"
2005Outstanding Reality/Competition Program
2005Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming "Love is in the Air, Rats are Everywhere"
2006Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming "Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
2006Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming "Starvation and Lunacy"
2006Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Salvation and Desertion"
2006Outstanding Reality/Competition Program
2006Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming "Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
2006Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming "Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"
2007Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "An Evil Thought"
2008Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "He's a Ball of Goo!"
2008Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition ProgramJeff Probst
2008Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming"Just Don't Eat the Apple"
2009Outstanding Sound Mixing for Non-Fiction Programming "The Poison Apple Needs to Go"
2009Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition ProgramJeff Probst
2009Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming"This Camp is Cursed"
2010Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Tonight, We Make Our Move"
2010Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition ProgramJeff Probst
2010Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming"Slay Everyone, Trust No One"
2011Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Don't You Work for Me?"
2011Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition ProgramJeff Probst
2011Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming"Rice Wars"
2012Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming "Cult-Like"
2012Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming"Running the Show"
2013Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming ""
2013Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming""
2013Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming""
2013Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming""
2013Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming"Live Finale and Reunion"
2013Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming"Live Finale and Reunion"
2014Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming""
2014Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming"Mad Treasure Hunt"
2015Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming""
2015Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming"It's Survivor Warfare"
2016Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming""
2016Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming""
2017Outstanding Casting for Reality ProgrammingLynne Spiegel Spillman
2017Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming""
2017Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming""

Other awards

Post-show auctions

At the end of each U.S. Survivor season from onward, various Survivor props and memorabilia are auctioned online for charity. The most common recipient has been the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Most recently, proceeds have gone toward The Serpentine Project, a charity founded by Jeff Probst, dedicated to helping those transitioning out of foster care upon emancipation at 18 years of age. Items up for auction have included flags, mats, tree mails, contestant torches, contestant clothing, autographed items, immunity idols and the voting urn.

Controversies and legal action

The success of Survivor spawned a wide range of merchandise from the very first season. While early items available were limited to buffs, water bottles, hats, T-shirts, and other typical souvenir items, the marketability of the franchise has grown tremendously. Today, fans can find innumerable items, including computer and board games, interactive online games, mugs, tribal-themed jewelry, beach towels, dog tags, magnets, multi-function tools, DVD seasons, Survivor party kits, insider books, soundtracks, and more.

Home media releases

;Best of
DVD nameRelease date
Season One: The Greatest and Most Outrageous MomentsJanuary 9, 2001
Season Two: The Greatest and Most Outrageous MomentsSeptember 25, 2001

;Full seasons
Seasons 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were released in stores. The remaining seasons have been released exclusively on Amazon.com through their CreateSpace manufacture on demand program. Select seasons have also been released on Blu-ray.
DVD nameDVD release dateBlu-ray release date
The Complete First Season: BorneoMay 11, 2004n/a
The Complete Second Season: The Australian OutbackApril 26, 2005n/a
The Complete Third Season: AfricaOctober 5, 2010n/a
The Complete Fourth Season: MarquesasOctober 5, 2010n/a
The Complete Fifth Season: ThailandOctober 25, 2011n/a
The Complete Sixth Season: The AmazonNovember 22, 2011n/a
The Complete Seventh Season: Pearl IslandsFebruary 7, 2006n/a
The Complete Eighth Season: All-StarsSeptember 14, 2004n/a
The Complete Ninth Season: Vanuatu – Islands of FireDecember 5, 2006n/a
The Complete Tenth Season: PalauAugust 29, 2006n/a
The Complete Eleventh Season: Guatemala – The Maya EmpireMay 22, 2012n/a
The Complete Twelfth Season: Panama – Exile IslandMay 22, 2012n/a
The Complete Thirteenth Season: Cook IslandsDecember 11, 2012n/a
The Complete Fourteenth Season: FijiDecember 11, 2012n/a
The Complete Fifteenth Season: ChinaJanuary 27, 2014n/a
The Complete Sixteenth Season: Micronesia – Fans vs. FavoritesJanuary 31, 2014n/a
The Complete Seventeenth Season: Gabon – Earth's Last EdenSeptember 11, 2014n/a
The Complete Eighteenth Season: Tocantins – The Brazilian HighlandsAugust 5, 2014n/a
The Complete Nineteenth Season: SamoaNovember 18, 2014n/a
The Complete Twentieth Season: Heroes vs. VillainsFebruary 22, 2011n/a
The Complete Twenty-First Season: NicaraguaNovember 18, 2014n/a
The Complete Twenty-Second Season: Redemption IslandOctober 7, 2015TBA
The Complete Twenty-Third Season: South PacificOctober 7, 2015TBA
The Complete Twenty-Fourth Season: One WorldSeptember 23, 2016July 11, 2017
The Complete Twenty-Fifth Season: PhilippinesSeptember 23, 2016July 11, 2017
The Complete Twenty-Sixth Season: Caramoan – Fans vs. FavoritesOctober 26, 2017December 22, 2017
The Complete Twenty-Seventh Season: Blood vs. WaterNovember 13, 2017November 1, 2017
The Complete Twenty-Eighth Season: CagayanDecember 22, 2017November 1, 2017
The Complete Twenty-Ninth Season: San Juan del Sur – Blood vs. WaterOctober 15, 2018TBA
The Complete Thirtieth Season: Worlds ApartNovember 13, 2018TBA
The Complete Thirty-First Season: Cambodia – Second ChanceNovember 13, 2018TBA
The Complete Thirty-Second Season: Kaôh RōngNovember 21, 2018TBA
The Complete Thirty-Third Season: Millennials vs. Gen XNovember 21, 2018TBA
The Complete Thirty-Fourth Season: Game Changers – Mamanuca IslandsFebruary 22, 2019TBA
The Complete Thirty-Fifth Season: Heroes vs. Healers vs. HustlersMay 9, 2019TBA
The Complete Thirty-Sixth Season: Ghost IslandJune 12, 2019TBA
The Complete Thirty-Seventh Season: David vs. GoliathJuly 17, 2019TBA
The Complete Thirty-Eighth Season: Edge of ExtinctionJanuary 31, 2020TBA
The Complete Thirty-Ninth Season: Island of the IdolsTBATBA
The Complete Fortieth Season: Winners at WarTBATBA

;CBS All Access
All seasons are available on CBS All Access, CBS's over-the-top subscription streaming service in both the United States and Australia.

Other media

Video games

In the 2001 PC video game , developed by Magic Lantern and published by Infogrames, it allows players to play and create characters for the game based on the Borneo or Australian Outback cast members. The game also includes a character creation system for making custom characters.
Gameplay consists of choosing survivors' skills, forming alliances, developing relationships with other tribe members, and voting off competitors at tribal council.
The game was very poorly received by critics. GameSpot gave the game a 'Terrible' score of 2.0 out of 10, saying "If you're harboring even a tiny urge to buy this game, please listen very carefully to this advice: Don't do it." Likewise, IGN gave the game a 'Painful' 2.4 out of 10, stating "It is horribly boring and repetitive. The graphics are weak and even the greatest Survivor fan would break the CD in two after playing it for 20 minutes." The game was the recipient of Game Revolution's lowest score of all time, an F-. An 'interactive review' was created specially for the game, and features interactive comments like "The Survival periods are about as much fun as" followed by a drop-down menu, "watching paint dry/throbbing hemorrhoids/staring at air/being buried alive."
On November 4, 2009, it was announced that a second video game adaptation would be released for the Wii and Nintendo DS. The game would require players to participate in various challenges like those in the reality shows in order to win.

Soundtracks

Various soundtracks have been released featuring music composed by Russ Landau, including soundtracks for seasons 9 through 27.

Thrill ride

The Tiki Twirl thrill ride at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California was originally called Survivor: The Ride. The ride includes a rotating platform that moves along an undulating track. Riders can be sprayed by water guns hidden in oversized tribal masks. Theme elements included drums and other familiar Survivor musical accents playing in the background, Survivor memorabilia throughout the queue and other merchandise for sale in nearby gift shops.