Surgical instrument surgical instrumentdesired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue , or to provide access for viewing it. Over time , many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented. Some surgical instruments are designed for general use in surgery, while others are designed for a specific procedure. Accordingly, the nomenclature of surgical instruments follows certain patterns, such as a description of the action it performs, the name of its inventor, or a compound scientific name related to the kind of surgery.surgical instrumentation is somewhat interchangeably used with surgical instruments, but its meaning in medical jargon is the activity of providing assistance to a surgeon with the proper handling of surgical instruments during an operation, by a specialized professional, usually a surgical technologist or sometimes a nurse or radiographer .Classification There are several classes of surgical instruments: Graspers, such as forceps Clamps and occluders for blood vessels and other organs Needle drivers, also known as needle holders , used to hold suture needle while it is passed through tissue and to grasp suture while instrument knot tying . Retractors , used to spread open skin , ribs and other tissue Distractors, positioners and stereotactic devices Mechanical cutters Dilators and specula , for access to narrow passages or incisions Suction tips and tubes, for removal of bodily fluids Sealing devices, such as surgical staplers Irrigation and injection needles , tips and tubes, for introducing fluid Powered devices, such as drills, cranial drills and dermatomes Scopes and probes, including fiber optic endoscopes and tactile probes Carriers and appliers for optical , electronic, and mechanical devices Ultrasound tissue disruptors , cryotomes and cutting laser guides Measurement devices, such as rulers and calipers trauma that their use might cause the patient. Terms relating to this issue are 'atraumatic' and minimally invasive .
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