Summer vacation
Summer vacation is a school break in summer between school years and the break in the school academic year. Students are typically off between eight and nine weeks, but not staff, depending on the country and district. In the United States, summer break is approximately two and a half months, with students typically finishing the school year between late-May and late-June and starting the new year between early-August and early-September. In Azerbaijan, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Greece, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Lebanon, Romania and Russia, the summer break is normally three months, compared to three to six weeks in Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany.
Criticisms and support
The research around the impact of summer vacation is mixed. “Summer learning loss” is the perceived loss of learning students experience due to interrupted education, but the exact consequences of extended breaks is unclear. Advocates of breaks tend to focus on the need to give children time away from the childhood stresses sometimes associated with school including peer pressure, cliques, bullying, and the pressure of heavy loads of homework.By country
Argentina
In Argentina, the school year ends in early- or mid-December and starts late February or early March. Also the majority of students get two weeks of holidays during winter, which varies depending on the region of the country from late July or mid-July to early August.- Primary education: From mid-December to late February
- Secondary education: From early December to early March
- University education: From last day of December to early April 1
Australia
Austria
In Austria, summer vacation dates vary by region, however the break lasts nine weeks throughout the whole country. School usually ends in early July and starts in early September.Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, summer vacation begins in mid-May and ends in mid June. Also, in many schools, the holiday during the month of Ramadan is passed off as a summer vacation. The summer there is associated with the availability of fruits such as mangoes and jackfruits. So, the summer vacation is sometimes known in Bangladesh as "আম-কাঠালের ছুটি",, which roughly translates to "mango-jackfruit's holiday". Also, the summer vacation is sometimes not in line with the actual weather patterns during summer, resulting in students having to reach school in the heat.The summer vacations are not given much importance in places except schools.
Barbados
In Barbados, summer holiday dates have varied throughout the years due to the beginning of the hurricane season on June 1. Because of this, major storms affecting the island can cause schools to remain closed for days resulting in a pushback of vacation dates, for example with Hurricane Tomas in 2010. Currently, summer holiday begins in late June or early July and ends in the second week of September.Belgium
In Belgium, summer vacation lasts in general from July 1 until September 1.Bolivia
In Bolivia, summer vacation runs from early December to early February.Bosnia and Herzegovina
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the start of summer break varies by school, but usually starts at the beginning or mid-June. School starts on the first Monday of September.Brazil
In Brazil, summer holidays vary by region, state and school administration.The education system in Brazil is federalised, with Federal, State and Municipal schools, all of which can establish their own calendars, alongside that, every federal entity may maintain schools on any of the educational levels, meaning that even in the same town a Municipal-maintained High School, a State-maintained High School, and a privately-owned High School have differing calendars, resulting in summer holidays not being simultaneous throughout the country or even town.
The Federal Education Law determines that both Primary and Secondary Education shall consist of a minimum of 800 hours a year, distributed between a minimum of 200 school days, allowing schools to plan for school years that extend beyond the mandatory minimum.
In terms of dates, summer holidays might last between 45 and 60 days; from late November — early December, to late January — early February.
In addition, for the majority of Brazilian students there are two to four weeks off for winter in July; the winter holidays were held in August for 2016 only due to the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Bulgaria
In Bulgaria, the time of the break differs according to the grade of the students. The following periods are applied:1st-3rd grade: May 31 – September 15
4th-6th grade: June 15 – September 15
7th-11th grade: June 30 – September 15
12th grade: School year ends in mid-May.
Note that 8th grade classes that focus on intensive language learning's summer vacation also starts on the 30th of June, rather than the 15th.
Canada
In Canada, the first day of summer vacation for public schools is the last Saturday in June. However, in some provinces students get a Professional Activity day on the final Friday of that school week, and their last day would be on the Thursday. Depending on the province, students can get 2–3 months of summer vacation. This may vary in Quebec. The last day of summer vacation is Labour Day. This can vary in Private schools. School generally resumes the day after Labour Day.Chile
In Chile, summer vacation lasts from early or mid-December until late February or early March.China
In the People's Republic of China, summer holidays start in early July and often end in early September.Colombia
In Colombia, summer vacation varies. Because of Colombia's equatorial climate, schools run two different calendars. Public schools and some private schools run "Calendar A" which has a break between June and July. Only some private schools run "Calendar B" in which there is a long vacation in July and August.Costa Rica
In Costa Rica, summer vacation lasts 2 months. Usually begin in late December and end in early February. There are a few schools using the "American" style, those school usually take vacations in late May and then resume again in early August.Croatia
In Croatia, the school year finishes around 15 June and it usually starts on the first Monday of September, but if the first Monday is on 1st or 2 September, the school year will start on the second Monday.Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic, summer holiday begins on July 1 and ends on August 31.Denmark
In Denmark, summer break lasts from the end of June to early or mid-August. High schools usually return to school in early August, but for younger students it can be in the middle.Ecuador
In Ecuador, summer vacation varies. Because of Ecuador's equatorial climate, schools run two different calendars. The coastal region runs vacation January or February, but in the Sierra region, summer vacation follows the pattern in July and August.Egypt
In Egypt, summer break lasts from the beginning or the middle of June until the middle of September in public schools, though length slightly differs according to age. In most private schools, summer break lasts from the middle or end of June to the beginning of SeptemberEstonia
In Estonia, summer holidays start in the beginning of June, the date ranging for different grades. School begins every year on September 1.Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, the school year usually ends in late May to mid-June and begins in mid-September.Finland
In Finland, summer vacation starts on Saturday in late May or in the beginning of June. The vacation lasts for 2 to 2 months. Usually, school starts again on a date between August 7 to 18.France
In France, summer vacation usually consists of July and August, though secondary school students finish in mid-June due to the senior's exams. This may vary for private schools.Germany
In Germany, summer vacation lasts six to six and a half weeks. The exact dates vary by state as well as from one to the next year, from the earliest to the latest. In Germany, the annual holidays are split into winter holidays, Easter holidays, summer holiday, autumn holidays and Christmas holidays. Some states like Bavaria also have holidays for Pentecost.Greece
In Greece, the summer vacation lasts for 3 months. Schools close on June 14 and reopen on September 11. Universities generally close in mid-July, but with great differences between faculties.Guatemala
In Guatemala, the summer holidays start in middle October and end in early January.Guyana
In Guyana, the summer holidays start in early July and end in early September.Hungary
In Hungary, summer vacation usually lasts from mid-June to early September. This is about 11 or 12 weeks.Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, summer vacation normally begins in mid-July and ends on late August for most public schools. However, the starting and ending times of international schools are variable. For example, most ESF-based schools start in late June and finish mid-August.Iceland
In Iceland, the duration of the summer vacation can vary from one school to another. Typically students start their summer vacation during the first week of June and return to school in the fourth week of August.India
covers a wide spectrum of climates, resulting in a large variation in the start times and duration of summer vacation in different regions of the country.In northern India, summer vacation typically begins in mid-May and ends by early July. The exceptions are the Himalayan Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Himachal Pradesh, where the summer break is short, and the winter break is much longer. For example, in Jammu & Kashmir, summer vacation is only for ten days, with a long winter break from mid-December to the end of February instead.
In central India, summer vacation begins in mid-April, and schools re-open in mid-June.
In the south, schools finish in the last week of March and resume in early June.
In the north-eastern states, a new school year commences before the holidays, in April. A few weeks later, schools finish for summer vacation between May and June, during the hottest months of the year.
Moreover, summer vacation lasts for no more than six weeks in most schools. The duration may decrease to as little as three weeks for older students.
Iran
In Iran, summer vacation lasts three months. Schools close in mid June and reopen in late September. However, most private high schools make it mandatory for students to attend school for around 2 months during summer. This means students end up having a 2-week break after finals, and another 2-week break before school starts again in late September.Iraq
In Iraq, summer vacation begins in late May and ends in late September, but the 12th-grade vacation begins in late June and ends in mid-October, and 9th grade starts from mid-June to September.Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, most secondary schools start summer holidays at the end of May or the start of June. However, Junior and Leaving Certificate exams will take place during June. Schools will usually open again at the end of August to the start of September. Primary schools in the Republic of Ireland are sixteen days longer, so they start their summer holiday at the end of June but do not return until the first week of September. Private schools follow the same pattern.Israel
Summer vacation for middle school and high school students starts on June 21 and ends on August 31. Summer vacation for primary school students starts on July 1 and ends on August 31.Italy
In Italy, summer vacation for elementary, middle and high schools normally starts on the second week of June and lasts until the second week of September included, for a total of three months. For kindergartens, summer vacation starts at the end of June and lasts until the first week of September. Final term examinations for middle school and high school are held until the end of June or the first days of July. In Italy summer vacations do not involve only schools but also shops and companies, most of which are closed in the two-week period over August 15th.Jamaica
In Jamaica, summer holidays for primary and secondary schools starts in the first week of July and ends in the first week of September which gives a duration of about eight weeks. Tertiary institutions using the semester system typically have summer holidays starting in May and ending in early September. This can, however, vary among institutions.Japan
In Japan, the summer vacation generally lasts from late July to early September, and due to the way education in Japan is structured, it takes place within a school year.Jordan
In Jordan, summer vacation lasts almost 3 months, and most schools take summer vacation from mid-June to mid-September.Kuwait
In Kuwait, summer vacation for elementary and middle schools starts at the end of May or at the beginning of June and ends at the beginning to late September, sometimes as far as early October. For high school students , it starts on June 19–20 and ends at the same time as elementary and middle schools.Latvia
In Latvia, summer vacation lasts 3 months. Starting in 1st of June and ending in 31st of August, with the new school year starting the next day.Lebanon
In Lebanon, summer vacation lasts almost 3 months and most schools take summer vacation from mid-June to early-to-mid September.Libya
In Libya, summer break lasts from the beginning or the middle of June until the middle of September. There are 5 other smaller vacations: Mid-year two-week break around February and two Hijri lunar calendar 3-day religious breaks for Eid Fitr and Eid Adha.Lithuania
In Lithuania, summer vacation starts in 15th learning day of June and ends on September 1 with the start of a new school year.Luxembourg
In Luxembourg, summer vacation starts on July 16 and ends on September 15, lasting a total of two months. There are 5 other smaller vacations: All Saints' Day, Christmas, Carnival, Easter, Pentecost.North Macedonia
In North Macedonia, the summer vacation starts on June 10 and ends on September 1 in every school. They also get Christmas vacations from 31 December until 21 January, and 1 week break for Easter.Malta
In Malta, the summer holidays usually last from the end of June until the end of September.Moldova
In Moldova, summer vacation begins on 1 June and ends on 1 September.Morocco
In Morocco, summer vacation lasts from June 20 until the beginning of September.Mexico
In Mexico, summer vacation starts in early July and finishes in mid-August since 2000. However, high school students and college students have mostly three months of vacation: from late May or early June to early August.Mongolia
In Mongolia, summer vacation usually starts from late May or early June to the end of August. The school year is divided into 4 terms, and students take 1 week off after the first and second terms, and 2 weeks after the third term.Nepal
In Nepal, summer vacation runs from the end of May to the end of July.The Netherlands
In the Netherlands, summer vacation is about 6 weeks for primary school and high school, usually from mid-July to late August. School students officially get the same time off but there often is a one-week period before the vacation during which the student will only have to go to school for 2 days to receive their grade lists and bring back their books, making the holiday 7 weeks unofficially for high school students. However, this does not apply to every school.New Zealand
In New Zealand, the school holidays typically start in mid-December, and end in late January or early February, which is usually 6-7 weeks. Senior secondary school students in Years 11, 12 and 13 finish in late-October for study leave, and their summer holidays begin after their last exam, which is different depending on the subjects they take. All exams are over by late November or early December. University or polytech students do not start until mid-February or early March and finish in late-October or mid-November.Nigeria
In Nigeria, primary and secondary Schools usually start summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the early weeks of September. The vacation is also known as the "3rd-term holiday", and it is the longest break in a school year. The "first-term break" starts between one and two weeks prior to Christmas and ends the first or second week in January, lasting for about three weeks. The "first-term break" is usually the shortest break in a school year. The "second-term break" usually starts a week before Easter and lasts for another three weeks. This gives a total of about 14 weeks of holiday in a year. The geographical location of the school is also a factor.Tertiary institutions follow a different pattern, as the holiday in each school depends on various factors which include, the course of study and the academic calendar of the school. Some tertiary institutions observe their summer breaks in the normal summer period when elementary and high schools observe theirs, while others do not. Some courses of study also do not observe any significant holidays, such programmes include engineering, nursing, medicine and a few others. This is usually as a result of students doing their laboratory work, workshop practice, practicals, internship etc., while the other students in other programmes are on holiday. Tertiary schools observe two semesters; while some schools observe a break after the first semester, many others have their breaks combined to just the summer holidays. This long break helps the students get good jobs during the holiday. The total length of break observed in tertiary institutions in a year is 12 to 14 weeks.
Norway
In Norway, summer vacation typically lasts from mid June to mid August, for a minimum of 8 weeks.Oman
In Oman, summer vacation starts in late May and ends in early September.Pakistan
In Pakistan, Summer vacation lasts for two to three months depending on the type of school. Typical summer vacation is from the end of May to mid-August. Many private schools are also open in June and July for 8th to 10th grades, with the schools calling the summer programmes "summer camps". However, it is a controversial issue between public and private schools.Palestine
In Palestine, summer vacation lasts about two months. Summer vacation starts in late June and ends in early September.Panama
In Panama, summer vacation starts in early December for both public or private schools, and ends in late February.Paraguay
In Paraguay, summer holidays start in December and end in late February.Philippines
In the Philippines, summer holidays for kindergarten, elementary, and high schools typically start on the third week of March and end in the first to third week of June. This coincides with the country's tropical dry season months from March to June. Colleges and universities, however, offer summer classes for students who wants to take advanced subjects or those who fail to pass the prerequisites for the next school year. School year begins in the first week of June, the start of Philippines' wet season.Select universities have adapted the school year schedule of other countries, starting the school year in September and having the summer holidays from June to August. Some of the schools that complied are still in transition, their academic calendars still beginning in July, others in August, with their summer vacations adjusted accordingly.
Poland
In Poland, summer vacation starts on the first Saturday after June 20 and ends on the first weekday of September except Friday or Saturday.Portugal
In Portugal, summer vacation starts in mid-June, and finishes in the middle of September.Russia
In Russia, summer vacation starts on May 25 with the end of an old school year and ends on September 1 with the beginning of a new school year. For 9th and 11th grades, due to exams, the vacation starts in the middle or in the end of June.Romania
In Romania, summer vacation usually starts on June 14th and ends on the second Sunday in September.For 8th grade, it starts a week earlier than the official summer vacation date for the year, and two weeks earlier for 12th grade.
Saint Lucia
In Saint Lucia, summer vacation starts in early July and ends on the first Monday of September.Saudi Arabia
The summer break for Saudi Arabian students is generally late May until mid-September, depending on the timing of Ramadan.Serbia
In Serbia, the summer vacation starts around the ending of June, more precisely by the end of 2nd or 3rd week of June. Summer holiday ends on August 31. School officially starts on first working day of September.Slovakia
In Slovakia, summer break lasts from July 1 until September 1.Slovenia
In Slovenia, final exams are usually taken from mid-May to mid-June or in June. The last day of school is June 24, and school resumes on September 1st.South Africa
In South Africa, summer holidays usually begin in early December and end in mid-January. Winter break lasts from mid-June to early July, and there are 10 days of Easter holidays.South Korea
In South Korea, summer vacation starts in late July and ends in mid-August. The South Korean summer vacation takes place within a school year.South Sudan
In South Sudan, summer vacation starts on December 20 and ends on March 19.Spain
In Spain, the school year finishes in mid or late June and begins in mid-September. Vacation varies by region but often includes a family vacation to lower temperatures in the cooler regions in the north of Spain, or south or east to the Mediterranean beaches.Suriname
In Suriname, summer vacation usually starts in mid-August and ends in early-October. In 2012, a change of summer vacation was proposed by several legislators having summer vacation the same time as the Caribbean Community. The proposed plan is summer vacation starts from mid-August and ends in early-October.Sweden
In Sweden, summer vacation is between the spring and autumn term. Normally it lasts for around 10 weeks, starting from the week before midsummer and ending in mid-August. In Sweden, students end their term, either at a church or in their school, singing traditional summer songs like Den blomstertid nu kommer.Switzerland
In Switzerland, summer vacation varies in each canton. As an example, in Zürich, it lasts five weeks and between mid-July and mid-August. In Ticino, it lasts about ten weeks between late June and early September.Syria
In Syria, summer vacation lasts 3 months.It starts mid-June and ends mid-September.
University students have a vacation from early July to early October. This varies 2 or 3 days by school or year.
The mid-term holiday is usually a week long.
Taiwan
In Taiwan, summer vacation starts in early July and ends in late August.Thailand
In Thailand, summer vacation begins in late February to early March and ends in mid-May.Trinidad and Tobago
Primary and secondary schools close the first Friday of July and open on the first Monday of September. This can vary a day or two by school or year. International schools are in link with the British, Canadian, or American systems.Turkey
In Turkey, summer vacation starts in mid-June and ends in mid-September.Tunisia
In Tunisia, summer vacation for the middle school and high school starts on May 30 and ends on September 15. Primary schools are off to vacation on June 1 and end on September 15.United Kingdom
In England and Wales, summer holidays for state schools usually last from the second week of July through to early September, which gives a duration of six or seven weeks.In Scotland, school summer holidays start in late June and last for about six or seven weeks, with most schools returning around mid-August. However, it is not uncommon for some schools in recent years to finish on the first week of July.
In Northern Ireland, most school summer holidays start in late-June and runs through to the beginning of September. Students doing exams often get "study leave" from May and do the exams sometime in that month, or early-June.
In the United Kingdom, holiday dates for independent schools mostly differ from those of state schools; these differences typically take the form of an extra week's holiday at the beginning and end of each of the long holidays, meaning four weeks for the Christmas and Easter breaks and eight to ten weeks for the summer break, though variations in summer holidays length exist between independent schools themselves. The summer half-term break is determined by the break in public exams at the end of May. Some universities grant an extended "exam leave" to students which typically commences in early-April, so as to give students a good number of weeks to prepare for the summer exam season which usually starts in mid-to-late May and finishes in early or mid-June. Final year students at independent schools typically finish their time at school when their last exam in the summer exam season finishes, and as an encore; a special event is usually arranged for late-June by the school for leavers and staff as a way of providing an opportunity for final farewells to be bid. The universities they go on to typically schedule their first term to commence in early-October, giving school leavers an extended summer break between their time of leaving school and starting university.
United States
The dates vary depending on the location of the school district but generally follow the same schedules; most schools in the Northeastern United States end in June and start the Wednesday after Labor Day, while the majority of schools in the Southern United States have schools end in May and start again in August.While the origins of the summer holiday break are often believed to be rooted in agriculture and the idea children were needed to assist with planting and harvesting crops, this is inaccurate. Most crops were planted in the spring and harvested in the fall. The modern school calendar has its roots in 19th-century school reform movements seeking standardization between urban and rural areas. Up until the mid-1800s, most schools were open for a winter and summer term. As individual schools merged into school districts and bureaucracies emerged to manage the newly formed school districts, school leaders and politicians identified a need to standardize calendars across regions. This standardization was related to the emerging tax structures, laws around compulsory education, as well as a general sentiment that school should be an essential component of American childhood.
As the calendar was standardized across regions, school leaders took cues from a variety of factors, including attendance rates and the difficulty cooling school buildings. Many upper-class families left the city for cooler climates in the hot Northeast summer months, and as such, schools cancelled their summer sessions due to low daily attendance. As train travel became more affordable, middle-class families followed similar patterns, keeping their children home during the hottest months of the year or going away for a summer vacation. In addition to the heat and low attendance, many school leaders advocated for breaks so that students and teachers could rest their brains. Many 19th- and early 20th-century Americans educators believed that too much learning was bad for one's health and could result in injury, particularly for younger children, whose minds were still developing. The extended summer break was seen as a way for children and their teachers to rest and recover. In many places, teachers would use the summer months for their own learning and professional development, including participating in seminars and courses like those held at Chautauqua.