Suffolk County, New York


Suffolk County is a predominantly suburban county and is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 1,493,350, estimated to have decreased slightly to 1,476,601 in 2019, making it the fourth-most populous county in New York. Its county seat is Riverhead, though most county offices are in Hauppauge. The county was named after the county of Suffolk in England, from where its earliest European settlers came.
Suffolk County incorporates the easternmost extreme of the New York City metropolitan area. The largest of Long Island's four counties and the second-largest of 62 counties in New York State, Suffolk measures in length and in width at its widest.
Major scientific research facilities in Suffolk County include Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Huntington, and Plum Island Animal Disease Center on Plum Island.
Suffolk is the largest county in population in New York State outside of New York City, and the fourth most populous county in the state overall, behind Brooklyn, Queens and Manhattan.

History

Suffolk County was part of the Connecticut Colony before becoming an original county of the Province of New York, one of twelve created in 1683. From 1664 until 1683 it had been the East Riding of Yorkshire. Its boundaries were essentially the same as at present, with only minor changes in the boundary with its western neighbor, which was originally Queens County but has been Nassau County since the separation of Nassau from Queens in 1899.
According to the Suffolk County website, the county is the leading agricultural county in the state of New York, saying that: "The weather is temperate, clean water is abundant, and the soil is so good that Suffolk is the leading agricultural county in New York State. That Suffolk is still number one in farming, even with the development that has taken place, is a tribute to thoughtful planning, along with the excellent soil, favorable weather conditions, and the work of the dedicated farmers in this region."

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of, of which is land and is water. It is the second-largest county in New York by total area and occupies 66% of the land area of Long Island.
Suffolk County occupies the central and eastern part of Long Island, in the extreme east of New York State. The eastern end of the county splits into two peninsulas, known as the North Fork and the South Fork. The county is surrounded by water on three sides, including the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound, with of coastline. The eastern end contains large bays.
The highest elevation in the county, and on Long Island as a whole, is Jayne's Hill in West Hills, at 401 feet above sea level.

Climate

Suffolk County sits at the convergence of climate zones including the humid continental, humid subtropical, and oceanic. Most of the county by land area is in the Dfa zone. Summers are cooler at the east end than in the western part of the county. The hardiness zone is 7a except in Copiague Harbor, Lindenhurst, and Montauk where it is 7b. Average monthly temperatures in Hauppauge range from 31.0 °F in January to 74.0 °F in July, and in the Riverhead town center they range from 30.1 °F in January to 72.8 °F in July, which includes both daytime and nighttime temperatures. On February 9, 2013, Suffolk County was besieged with 30 inches of snow, making it the largest day of snowfall on record in Suffolk.

Adjacent counties

As of the 2010 census there were 1,493,350 people and 569,985 households residing in the county. The census estimated Suffolk County's population decreased slightly to 1,481,093 in 2018, representing 7.5% of the Census-estimated New York State population of 19,745,289 and 19.0% of the Census-estimated Long Island population of 7,869,820. The population density in 2010 was 1,637 people per square mile, with 569,985 households at an average density of 625 per square mile. However, by 2012, with an estimated total population increasing moderately to 1,499,273 there were 569,359 housing units. By 2014, the county's racial makeup was estimated at 85.2% White, 8.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 4.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those identifying as Hispanic or Latino, of any race, were 18.2% of the population. Those who identified as "white alone", not being of Hispanic or Latino origin, represented 69.3% of the population.
In 2006, the county's racial or ethnic makeup was 83.6% White. African Americans were 7.4% of the population. Asians stood at 3.4% of the population. 5.4% were of other or mixed race. Latinos were 13.0% of the population. In 2007, Suffolk County's most common ethnicities were Italian, Irish, and German.
In 2002, The New York Times cited a study by the non-profit group , which determined Suffolk and its neighboring county, Nassau, to be the most racially segregated suburbs in the United States.
In 2006, there were 469,299 households, of which 37.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.00% were married couples living together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.20% were non-families. 18.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.36.
In the county, the population was spread out with 26.10% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 23.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.
In 2008, Forbes magazine released its American Community Survey and named Suffolk County number 4 in its list of the top 25 richest counties in America. In 2016, according to Business Insider, the 11962 zip code encompassing Sagaponack, within Southampton, was listed as the most expensive in the U.S., with a median home sale price of $8.5 million.
The median income for a household in the county was $84,767, and the median income for a family was $72,112. Males had a median income of $50,046 versus $33,281 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,577. Using a weighted average from 2009-2014 about 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line In earlier censuses, the population below the poverty line included 2.70% of those under age 18 and 2.30% of those age 65 or over.
As of 2006, Suffolk County was the 21st-most populous county in the United States.

Law and government

Suffolk County had long been a Republican bastion in New York State. U.S. Congressman Rick Lazio, who opposed Hillary Clinton in the 2000 Senate race, was from Suffolk County. However, recent elections have turned the county more toward the Democrats. In 2003, Democrat Steve Levy was elected county executive, ending longtime Republican control. In 2001, Democrat Thomas Spota was elected District Attorney, and ran unopposed in 2005. Although Suffolk voters gave George H. W. Bush a victory here in 1992, the county voted for Bill Clinton in 1996 and continued the trend by giving Al Gore an 11-percent victory in the county in 2000. 2004 Democratic candidate John Kerry won by a much smaller margin of one percent, in 2008 Democratic candidate Barack Obama won by a slightly larger 4.4 percent margin, 52%-47%. In 2016, Republican candidate Donald Trump won Suffolk County by a 6.9 percent margin after absentees, marking the largest margin of victory for the Republicans since 1988. It was the only large county in New York State that Donald Trump won.
Suffolk County is represented by three New York congressional districts: the first, and parts of the second and third. The third is held by the Democratic Party, while the first and second are held by Republicans. Lee Zeldin represents the first district, which includes almost half of the county, from Smithtown to Montauk, including The Hamptons and Riverhead. The second district is represented by Republican Peter King, and includes parts of southern Suffolk and Nassau counties. The third district is largely split between Nassau County and Suffolk County, and is represented by Tom Suozzi. A Democrat, Suozzi won the seat vacated by Steve Israel in 2016 after Israel declined to seek re-election.
As a whole both Suffolk and Nassau counties are considered swing counties. However, until 2016 they tended not to receive significant attention from presidential candidates, as the state of New York has turned reliably Democratic at the national level. In 2008 and 2012, Hofstra University in Nassau County hosted a presidential debate. Hofstra hosted the first debate of the 2016 presidential election season, on September 26, 2016, making Hofstra the first college or university in the United States to host a presidential debate in three consecutive elections. The presence on the 2016 ticket of Westchester County resident Hillary Clinton and Manhattan resident Donald Trump resulted in greater attention by the candidates to the concerns of Long Island. Trump visited Long Island voters and donors at least 4 times while Hillary made 1 stop for voters and 1 additional stop in the Hamptons for donors.

Suffolk County Executives

NamePartyTerm
H. Lee DennisonDemocratic1961–1973
John V.N. KleinRepublican1973–1979
Peter F. CohalanRepublican1979–1986
Michael A. LoGrande*Republican1986–1987
Patrick G. HalpinDemocratic1987–1991
Robert J. GaffneyRepublican1992–2003
Steve Levy**Democratic2004–2010
Steve Levy**Republican2010–2012
Steve BelloneDemocratic2012–present

* Appointed to complete Cohalan's term
** Levy was originally elected as a Democrat, but became a Republican in 2010.

Suffolk County Legislature

The county has 18 legislative districts, each represented by a legislator. As of 2020, there were 11 Democrats and 7 Republicans. The Partisan Voting Index is as of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections:
DistrictPVI2020-2021 Legislature2017-2018 Legislature2015-2016 Legislature2014-2015 Legislature2012-2013 Legislature2010-2011 Legislature2008-2009 Legislature2006-2007 Legislature2004-2005 Legislature
R+8Al Krupski Al Krupski Al Krupski Al Krupski Al Krupski Edward P. Romaine Edward P. Romaine Edward P. Romaine Micheal J. Caracciolo
D+5Bridget Fleming Bridget Fleming Bridget Fleming Jay Schneiderman Jay Schneiderman Jay Schneiderman Jay Schneiderman Jay Schneiderman Jay Schneiderman
R+2Rudy A. Sunderman Rudy A. Sunderman Kate M. Browning Kate M. Browning Kate M. Browning Kate M. Browning Kate M. Browning Kate M. Browning Peter O'Leary
R+7Thomas Muratore Thomas Muratore Thomas Muratore Thomas Muratore Thomas Muratore Thomas Muratore Brian Beedenbender Joseph T. Caracappa Joseph T. Caracappa
D+1Kara Hahn Kara Hahn Kara Hahn Kara Hahn Kara Hahn Vivian Viloria-Fisher Vivian Viloria-Fisher Vivian Viloria-Fisher Vivian Viloria-Fisher
R+9Sarah Anker Sarah Anker Sarah Anker Sarah Anker Sarah Anker Daniel P. Losquadro / Sarah Anker for 2011Daniel P. Losquadro Daniel P. Losquadro Daniel P. Losquadro
D+1Robert Calarco Robert Calarco Robert Calarco Robert Calarco Robert Calarco Jack Eddington Jack Eddington Jack Eddington Brian X. Foley
R+9Anthony Piccirillo William J. Lindsay III William J. Lindsay III William J. Lindsay III William J. Lindsay William J. Lindsay William J. Lindsay William J. Lindsay William J. Lindsay
D+30Samuel Gonzalez Monica R. Martinez Monica R. Martinez Monica R. Martinez Ricardo Montano Ricardo Montano Ricardo Montano Ricardo Montano Ricardo Montano
R+9Tom Cilmi Tom Cilmi Tom Cilmi Tom Cilmi Tom Cilmi Tom Cilmi Cameron Alden Cameron Alden Cameron Alden
R+7Steven J. Flotteron Steven J. Flotteron Thomas F. Barraga Thomas F. Barraga Thomas F. Barraga Thomas F. Barraga Thomas F. Barraga Thomas F. Barraga Angie Carpenter
R+12Leslie Kennedy Leslie Kennedy Leslie Kennedy John M. Kennedy, Jr. / Leslie Kennedy for 2015John M. Kennedy, Jr. John M. Kennedy, Jr. John M. Kennedy, Jr. John M. Kennedy, Jr. John M. Kennedy, Jr.
R+12Robert Trotta Robert Trotta Robert Trotta Robert Trotta Lynne C. Nowick Lynne C. Nowick Lynne C. Nowick Lynne C. Nowick Lynne C. Nowick
R+8Kevin J. McCaffrey Kevin J. McCaffrey Kevin J. McCaffrey Kevin J. McCaffrey Wayne R. Horsley Wayne R. Horsley Wayne R. Horsley Wayne R. Horsley David Bishop
D+18Jason Richberg DuWayne Gregory DuWayne Gregory DuWayne Gregory DuWayne Gregory DuWayne Gregory Elie Mystal / DuWayne Gregory since July 29, 2008Elie Mystal Elie Mystal
D+2Susan A. Berland Susan A. Berland Steven H. Stern Steven H. Stern Steven H. Stern Steven H. Stern Steven H. Stern Steven H. Stern Allan Binder
EVENTom Donnelly Tom Donnelly Louis D'Amaro Louis D'Amaro Louis D'Amaro Louis D'Amaro Louis D'Amaro Louis D'Amaro Paul J. Tonna
D+1William R. Spencer William R. Spencer William R. Spencer William R. Spencer William R. Spencer Jon Cooper Jon Cooper Jon Cooper Jon Cooper

Republicans controlled the county legislature until a landmark election in November 2005 where three Republican seats switched to the Democrats, giving them control. In November 2007, the Democratic Party once again retained control over the Suffolk County Legislature, picking up one seat in the process. In November 2009, the Republican Party regained the seat lost in 2007 but remained in the minority for the 2010-2011 session. In November 2011, the Democratic Party maintained control over the Suffolk County Legislature picking up one seat that had been held by an Independence Party member. In November 2013, the Republican Party gained the 14th district seat, but remains in the minority.
As of the 2016-2017 session, 15th district legislator DuWayne Gregory serves as Presiding Officer, a position he has held since 2013, 7th district legislator Robert Calarco serves as Deputy Presiding Officer. 5th district legislator Kara Hahn serves as Majority Leader for the Democrats. 14th district legislator Keving McCaffrey is Minority Leader having assumed the office after the election of former legislator John M. Kennedy, Jr. to the office of County Comptroller.

Law enforcement

Police services in the five western towns are provided primarily by the Suffolk County Police Department. The five "East End" towns, maintain their own police and other law enforcement agencies. Also, there are a number of villages, such as Amityville, Lloyd Harbor, Northport, and Westhampton Beach that maintain their own police forces.
In an unusual move, the Village of Greenport in 1994 voted to abolish its police department and turn responsibility for law and order over to the Southold Town Police Department.
After the Long Island State Parkway Police was disbanded in 1980, all state parkways in Suffolk County became the responsibility of Troop L of the New York State Police, headquartered at Republic Airport. State parks, such as Robert Moses State Park, are the responsibility of the New York State Park Police, based at Belmont Lake State Park. In 1996, the Long Island Rail Road Police Department was consolidated into the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police, which has jurisdiction over all rail lines in the county. Since the New York state legislature created the New York State University Police in 1999, they are in charge of all law enforcement services for State University of New York property and campuses. The State University Police have jurisdiction in Suffolk County at Stony Brook University and Farmingdale State College.
The Suffolk County Sheriff's Office is a separate agency. The sheriff, an elected official who serves a four-year term, operates the two Suffolk County correctional facilities, provides county courthouse security and detention, service and enforcement of civil papers, evictions and warrants. The Sheriff's Office is also responsible for securing all county-owned property, such as county government office buildings, as well as the campuses of the Suffolk County Community College. As of 2008, the Suffolk County Sheriff's Office employed 275 Deputy Sheriffs, 850 corrections officers, and about 200 civilian staff.
Suffolk County has a long maritime history with several outer barrier beaches and hundreds of square miles of waterways. The Suffolk Police Marine Bureau patrols the of navigable waterways within the police district, from the Connecticut and Rhode Island state line which bisects Long Island Sound to the New York state line south of Fire Island in the Atlantic Ocean. Some Suffolk County towns also employ various bay constables and other local marine patrol, which are sworn armed peace officers with full arrest powers, providing back up to the Suffolk Police Marine Bureau as well as the United States Coast Guard.
This includes Fire Island and parts of Jones Island barrier beaches and the islands of the Great South Bay. Marine units also respond to water and ice rescues on the inland lakes, ponds, and streams of the District.
In February 2019, legislator Robert Trotta put forward a resolution to recover salary and benefits from James Burke, the county's former police chief. Burke had pled guilty to beating a man while in police custody and attempting to conceal it, and the county had paid the victim $1.5 million in a settlement; it had also paid Burke more than $500,000 in benefits and salary while Burke was concealing his conduct. Trotta said that the faithless servant doctrine in New York common law gave him the power to claw back the compensation. The Suffolk County Legislature supported the suit unanimously. The following month Suffolk County Executive Steve Bellone signed the bill.

Courts

Suffolk County is part of the 10th Judicial District of the New York State Unified Court System; is home to the Alfonse M. D'Amato Courthouse of the Federal U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York; and has various local municipal courts. The State Courts are divided into Supreme Court, which has general jurisdiction over all cases, and lower courts that either hear claims of a limited dollar amount, or of a specific nature. Similarly, the local courts hear claims of a limited dollar amount, or hear specific types of cases. The Federal Court has jurisdiction over Federal Claims, State Law claims that are joined with Federal claims, and claims where there is a diversity of citizenship.

Supreme Court

The District Court and the Town and Village Courts are the local courts of Suffolk County. There are more than 30 local courts, each with limited criminal and civil subject matter and geographic jurisdictions. The local criminal courts have trial jurisdiction over misdemeanors, violations and infractions; preliminary jurisdiction over felonies; and traffic tickets charging a crime. The local civil courts calendar small claims, evictions, and civil actions.
Most non-criminal moving violation tickets issued in the 5 west towns are handled by the Traffic Violations Bureau, which is part of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, not the court system.

Economy

Education

Colleges and universities

Major highways

Several airports serve commuters and business travelers, most notably Long Island MacArthur Airport in Ronkonkoma, Republic Airport in East Farmingdale and Francis S. Gabreski Airport in Westhampton Beach.

Public transportation

Suffolk County is served by Suffolk County Transit. Long Island Rail Road, the Hampton Jitney, and Hampton Luxury Liner connect Suffolk County to New York City.

Media

Newspapers

was an important landmark for many trans-Atlantic ships coming into New York Harbor in the early 20th century. For many European immigrants, the Fire Island Light was their first sight of land upon arrival in America.

The Fire Island Inlet span of the Robert Moses Causeway connects to Robert Moses State Park on the western tip of Fire Island.
The Great South Bay Bridge, the first causeway bridge, had only one northbound and one southbound lane, was opened to traffic in April 1954. The span of across Great South Bay to Captree Island features a main span of, with a clearance for boats of.
After crossing the State Boat Channel over Its -long bascule bridge, the causeway meets the Ocean Parkway at a cloverleaf interchange. This interchange provides access to Captree State Park, Gilgo State Park and Jones Beach State Park.
The Fire Island Inlet Bridge continues the two-lane road, one lane in each direction, across Fire Island Inlet to its terminus at Robert Moses State Park and The Fire Island Lighthouse. Robert Moses Causeway opened in 1964.
Suffolk County has the most lighthouses of any United States county, with 15 of its original 26 lighthouses still standing. Of these 15, eight are in Southold township alone, giving it more lighthouses than any other township in the United States.

Secessionist movements

At various times, there have been proposals for a division of Suffolk County into two counties. The western portion would be called Suffolk County, while the eastern portion of the current Suffolk County would comprise a new county to be called Peconic County. Peconic County would consist of the five easternmost towns of Suffolk County: East Hampton, Riverhead, Shelter Island, Southampton and Southold, plus the Shinnecock Indian Reservation.
The proposed Peconic County flag showed the two forks at the east end of Long Island separated by Peconic Bay. The star on the north represents Southold. The stars on the South Fork represent Southampton and East Hampton. Riverhead is at the fork mouth and Shelter Island is between the forks.
The secessionist movement has not been active since 1998.
The End of the Hamptons: Scenes from the Class Struggle in America's Paradise, by Corey Dolgon examined the class roots of the secessionist movement in the Hamptons. In his review, Howard Zinn wrote that the book "akes us beyond the much-romanticized beaches of Long Island to the rich entrepreneurs and their McMansions, the Latino workers, and the stubborn indigenous residents refusing to disappear. The book is important because it is in so many ways a microcosm of the nation." The book won the Association for Humanist Sociology's 2005 Book Prize and the American Sociological Association's Marxist Section Book Award in 2007.

Finance and taxation

Suffolk County has an 8.625% sales tax, compared to an overall New York State sales tax of 4%, consisting of an additional 4.25% on top of the state and MTA assessment of.375%

Health

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic first affected the county. As of 22 April 2020 there are a total of 29,476 cases, 926 deaths and 1,913 recoveries.

Communities

In New York State, a town is the major subdivision of each county. Towns provide or arrange for most municipal services for residents of hamlets and selected services for residents of villages. All residents of New York who do not live in a city or on an Indian reservation live in a town. A village is an incorporated area which is usually, but not always, within a single town. A village is a clearly defined municipality that provides the services closest to the residents, such as garbage collection, street and highway maintenance, street lighting and building codes. Some villages provide their own police and other optional services. A hamlet is an informally-defined populated area within a town that is not part of a village.

Towns

Gardiners Island is an island off eastern Suffolk County. The Island is long, and wide and has of coastline. The same family has owned the Island for nearly 400 years; one of the largest privately owned islands in America or the world. In addition, it is the only American real estate still intact as part of an original royal grant from the English Crown.

Robins Island

Robins Island is an Island in the Peconic Bay between the North and South folks of eastern Suffolk County. It is within the jurisdiction of Town of Southold in Suffolk County, New York. The Island is and presently undeveloped. The island is privately owned and not accessible to the public.

Indian reservations

Two Indian reservations are within the borders of Suffolk County: