Steatocystoma multiplex, is a benign, autosomal dominantcongenital condition resulting in multiple cysts on a person's body. Steatocystoma simplex is the solitary counterpart to steatocystoma multiplex. In steatocystoma multiplex, the tendency to develop cysts is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, so one parent can be expected to also have steatocystoma multiplex. It may also occur sporadically. Both males and females may be affected. The onset at puberty is presumably due to hormonal stimulus of the pilosebaceous unit. They most often arise on the chest and may also occur on the abdomen, upper arms, armpits and face. In some cases cysts may develop all over the body. The cysts are mostly small but they may be several centimetres in diameter. They tend to be soft to firm semi-translucent bumps, and contain an oily, yellow liquid. Sometimes a small central punctum can be identified and they may contain one or more hairs. They may become inflamed and heal with scarring, like acne nodules. Steatocystomas are thought to come from an abnormal lining of the passageway to the oil glands. Localised, generalised, facial, acral, and suppurative types of steatocystoma multiplex have been described.
Causes
It is associated with defects in Keratin 17. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This indicates that the defective gene responsible for a disorder is located on an autosome, and only one copy of the defective gene is sufficient to cause the disorder, when inherited from a parent who has the disorder. However, a solitary case can also emerge in a family with no prior history of the disorder due to the occurrence of a mutation.
Diagnosis
Treatment
The cysts can be removed via :wikt:excision|excision, though conventional cystexcision techniques have proven impractical, and a specialized regimen is required. Cryotherapy and electrosessication may also be tried, but since it is genetic disorder so all the modalties have very little effect. Individual cysts can be removed surgically. In most cases, small incisions allow the cyst and its contents to be extracted through the opening. If it is tethered to the underlying skin, excision biopsy may be necessary. Cysts can also be removed by laser, electrosurgery or cryotherapy. Inflammation can be reduced with oral antibiotics. Oral isotretinoin is not curative but may temporarily shrink the cysts and reduce inflammation.
