Statues and monuments of patriots on the Janiculum


There are many busts of Italian patriots of the Risorgimento, and foreigners who fought with weapons or words for the unification of Italy, on the Janiculum in Rome.

Overview

The Roman Republic commissioned marble busts to be displayed in the gardens of the Pincian Hill on May 28, 1849, for 10,000 lire. By the end of the war, the 52 busts had been made, but because of the temporary power of the Pope they remained in warehouses on Capitoline Hill.
In June 1851, Pius IX ordered the arrangement of most of the fifty-two busts in the gardens of the Pincian Hill. He excluded some busts because they were atheists.
In 1860 the sculptors Achille Stocchi and Titus Sarrocchi were commissioned to create new busts. Their busts made a total of 228.
The initial placement of the statues took place between the end of 19th and early 20th centuries; the equestrian monument dedicated to Giuseppe Garibaldi was placed in 1896. In the 1920s, during the Fascist regime, the war memorial on the Janiculum was built for the Roman cause. It preserves the remains of some patriots.
The first restoration of the statues was done in the 1960s. Later more restorations were completed for the Great Jubilee, during which a Roman villa was discovered, and new statues were restored and relocated, including those of Anita Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and their children.

Current monuments

The crest of the Janiculum is dominated by the 1895 equestrian Monument to Garibaldi, designed by Italian sculptor Emilio Gallori. This site was chosen for its proximity to the Villa Doria Pamphili, where Garibaldi mounted a military defense of the short-lived Roman Republic in late April 1849.
The hill also features a number of busts of historically significant Italians. All the busts were restored during 2010 and 2011, coinciding with the 150th anniversary of Italy. A 2011 guide published by the local Associazione Amilcare Cipriani group lists a total of 84 busts on the hill, 30 of them along the promenade north of the Garbaldi monument, and the rest to the south. The busts have been prone to vandalism.

Statues on the Janiculum

Following is a partial list.
NameSculptor and year of inaugurationBirth and deathBiography
Luigi Masi
Belpassi, October 3, 1897Petrignano, 1814 - Palermo, 1872Staff, Brigadier General and commander of the Umbria brigade. During the second Roman republic Roman, he strenuously defended Porta Cavalleggeri, Porta Evangelica, and Leonine City with the Second Brigade of the town militia and with a light infantry battalion. He also distinguished himself during the uprising in Palermo of 1866.
Luigi Ceccarini
Giuseppe Trabacchi, 1893Rome, 1819–1887He was captain, and later major, of the papal army during the First Italian War of Independence. He fought in Venice and Vicenza. He became a colonel in 1849 and went to Rome to defend the Republic. He was excluded from the amnesty of Pius IX and went into exile in Piedmont. He also fought in the campaigns of 1859 and 1866.
Pietro Pietramellara
Alfredo Luzi, 1886Bologna, 1804 - Rome, 1849A marquis of liberal tendencies, he defended Vicenza in 1848 and defended the second Roman Republic.
Alessandro La Marmora
Riccardo Grifoni, June 7, 1886Turin, March 27, 1799 - Crimea, June 7, 1855A Piedmontese general who promoted the formation of the Bersaglieri. As a colonel, he took part in the Crimean War, where he became ill with cholera and died in 1855.
Pietro Roselli
Pietro Benedictines, 1886Rome, 1808 - Ancona, 1865As part of the papal army in 1848, he fought in the War of Independence and in 1849 defended the second Roman Republic. In 1860 he entered the regular army with the rank of lieutenant general.
Alessandro Gavazzi
Raffaele Cotogni, 1892Bologna, March 21, 1809 - Rome, January 9, 1889A Barnabite, he wrote liberal tracts from 1846 to 1847. He was chaplain of the legion of volunteers led by A. Ferrari, who fought in the Veneto. He left the Barnabites in 1848, and in 1849 defended the new republic. He went into exile for 10 years abroad before returning for the campaigns of 1859, 1860, 1866, 1867.
Angelo Masina
Michele Capri, 1886–1887Bologna, 1815 - Rome, June 3, 1849Commander of the Garibaldi Cavalry, he was killed in the Palazzo Corsini during the second defense of the Roman Republic.
Ludovico Calandrelli
Enrico Simonetti, 1886Rome, 1807 - Erzurum, 1855He was captain of the artillery that defended the Second Roman Republic.
Luciano Manara
Ilarioli Antonio, 1886Milan, March 23, 1825 - Rome, June 30, 1849He died during the second defense of the Roman Republic.
Goffredo Mameli
Attilio Temperoni, 1926Genoa, September 5, 1827 - Rome, July 7, 1849He died during the second defense of the Roman Republic.
Nino Bixio
Biagio Salvatore, 1887Genoa, October 2, 1821 - Sumatra, December 16, 1873
Nicola Fabrizi
Modena, 1804 - Rome, 1885
Natale Del Grande
Giacomo Pagliari
Persico Dosimo, 1822 - Rome 1870Austrian officer who died in the breach of Porta Pia
Giovanni Nicotera
Sambiase, 1828 - Vico Equense, 1894-
Alessandro Calandrelli
Rome 1805 - Albano Laziale 1888Papal artillery commander and general
Giacinto Bruzzesi
Cerveteri, 1822 - Turate, 1900Lieutenant of the Roman Republic, he was one of four gold medal recipients.
Filippo Cerroti
Rome, 1819–1892
General		-
Giacomo Medici
Milano, 1817 - Rome, 1882Aide-de-camp to the king, senators, and marquises
Gaetano Sacchi
Pavia, 1824–1876
Giuseppe Avezzana
Chieri, 1797 - Rome, 1879
General		-
Francesco Daverio
Calcinate del Pesce 1815 - Rome 1849Chief of Staff of the Roman Republic, died in defense of the Casino dei Quattro Venti on the Janiculum.
Colomba Antonietti
Bastia Umbra, 1826 - Rome 1849
Wife of Luigi Porzi, she died at the port of St. Pancrazio		-
Carlo Pisacane
Naples, August 22, 1818 - Sanza, July 2, 1857Famous for the landing of the 300 at Sapri
Mattia Montecchi
Rome, 1816–1871
Angelo Tittoni
Rome, 1820–1882Commander of the Battaglione Universitario Romano in the battle of Vicenza, participated in the Roman Republic
Tommaso Salvini
Milan, January 1, 1829 - Florence, December 31, 1915
Gustavo Modena
Venice, 1803 - Turin, 1861
Ugo Bassi
Cento, August 12, 1801 - Bologna, August 8, 1849He fought in the War of Independence, and he followed Garibaldi when he decided to continue fighting outside of Rome.He was captured by the Austrians in Bologna and executed by a firing squad.
Luigi Bartolucci
Cantiano, 1788 - Nice, 1859General and friend of Garibaldi. He fought with Napoleon in the French invasion of Russia. He was captain in 1848 and deputy to the Constituent Assembly in Rome. As a General of a cavalry division of the Roman Republic, he heroically endured the French siege. After the fall of the Republic, he emigrated to England and Nice. He was awarded several orders and medals including the Legion of Honour and the Iron Crown of Lombardy.
:commons:Category:Righetto|Righetto
Bronze replica of the marble :commons:Category:Righetto|L'audace Righetto of Giovanni Strazza created in 1851.The brave Righetto. Replica of the statue in the lobby of the grand staircase in Palazzo Litta. It portrays a 12-year-old child who died with his dog in 1849 while trying to stop a bomb during the defense of the Repubblica Romana in 1849. See Military use of children.
Menotti Garibaldi
Mostardas, September 16, 1840 - Rome, August 22, 1903Son of Garibaldi
Ricciotti Garibaldi
1931Montevideo, February 24, 1847 - Riofreddo, July 17, 1924Son of Garibaldi
Constante Garibaldi
1932, Constantino GaribaldiSon of Ricciotti Garibaldi. He died in his early twenties in Argonne.
Bruno Garibaldi
1931Son of Ricciotti Garibaldi. He died in his early twenties in Argonne.
Giacomo Venezian
September 9, 1895Trieste, 1824 - Rome, July 2, 1849Sergeant of the Medici Legion. In 1848 he led an unsuccessful revolutionary movement in Trieste. In 1849 he participated in the War of Independence.
He was mortally wounded by the French on June 22, 1849 while defending the Casino Barberini. He died on July 2 at age 25.
Maurizio Quadrio
1911, SpontiniChiavenna, 1800 - Rome, 1876He participated in the November Uprising of 1830. He defended Rome in 1849. He went into exile in Marseille, Switzerland, and London. He was a member of the Action Party and the Italian Republican Party.
Bartolomeno Filipperi
1911, Giovanni CozzaRome, 1833–1877In 1849 he fought on the barricades of Porta San Pancrazio and the event inspired his painting La difesa del Vascello. He went into exile in Nîmes for ten years. He followed Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1854 and 1867.
Achille Sacchi
1911, Giovanni PriniMantua, 1827–1890A volunteer in the War of Independence, he tenaciously defended Porta San Pancrazio in 1849.
He hatched an insurrection in 1853 with Mazzini, which led to his exile in Switzerland.He participated in Garibaldi's campaigns of 1859, 1860, and 1866. Afterwards, he returned to Mantua where he directed the local insane asylum.
Quirico Filopanti
1911, A. PantoresiBudrio, 1812 - Bologna, 1894A writer with degree in mathematics and physics, he taught at the University of Bologna. He participated as a volunteer in the war of 1848. He was Deputy Secretary of the Constituent Assembly of the Roman Republic. In 1849 he went in exile in London. He was a deputy of the extreme left.
Carlo Mayr
1911, M. TrispicianoFerrara, 1810–1882A soldier with Garibaldi, who was the interior minister of the Roman Republic.He was senator of the Kingdom of Italy.
Carlo Bontemps
1911, Riccardo Rossi
Domenico Piva
1928, Enrico QuattriniRovigo, 1826–1907He took part in the defense of Rome in 1849 and was wounded in the head. He was captured by Austrians and was forced to enlist in the Austrian army for eight years.
He was discharged in 1860 and joined Garibaldi as a lieutenant in the Compagnia dei Mille. He became a lieutenant general.
Nino Costa
1911, Giovanni CozzaRome, 1833–1877
Raffaele Tosi
1949, V. MancorattiHe took part in the campaigns of 1848-49, 1859–60, and 1866–67. The bust was proffered by the family.
Giuseppe Rosi
1912, G. MangionelloCalcara di Ussita, 1798 - Rome, 1891He was a poet and pastor.
Oreste Tiburzi
1911, Aurelio TemperoniRome, 1825–1849He was a friend of Philip Casini.
Filippo Zamboni
Trieste, 1826 - Vienna, 1910When he was 22 years old, he took part in the defense of the Roman Republic. He taught literature in the Accademia Commerciale di Vicenza.
Alessandro MelonI
1941, C. DocchiImola, 1813 - Rome, 1849As a young man he fought in 1848 in Vicenza and Venice. He was made a captain. He took part in the defense of Rome in 1849 and at Porta S. Pancrazio was mortally wounded in front of Garibaldi who promoted him to Major on the day of his death.
Bernardo Serafini
Serungarina, 1822–1906He was a liberal who conspired against the papal government. He fought in the War of Independence in Sicily. He was a deputy until 1886, when he joined the Senate.
Raffaele De Benedetto
1941, Benedetto De LisiPalermo - Rome, 1867A major under Garibaldi, he died during the 1867 Rome insurrection.
John Whitehead Peard
Giovanni Paganucci - 1904 set in JaniculumFowey 1811 – Trenython, 1880British captain and lawyer, colonel in Garibaldi's Expedition 1860, known as “Garibaldi’s Englishman”.