South African Class 34-500


The South African Railways Class of 1974 is a diesel-electric locomotive.
Between 1974 and 1977, the state-owned South African Iron and Steel Corporation placed forty-four General Electric type U26C diesel-electric locomotives in service. They were employed on Iscor's 1974-built Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line and as heavy shunters at the Sishen mine. In 1977, another two locomotives were built for the Douglas Colliery near Witbank. Also in 1977, thirty-nine of the Iscor locomotives were transferred to the South African Railways where they were initially designated "Class ex Iscor" and later became commonly known as Class.

Manufacturer

The Class type GE U26C diesel-electric locomotive, also known as "Class ex Iscor", was designed by General Electric and built for the South African Iron and Steel Corporation by the South African General Electric-Dorman Long Locomotive Group. Forty-four locomotives were delivered to Iscor on three orders:
In 1977, two locomotives were also built for the Douglas Colliery near Witbank in Transvaal, numbered D5 and D6. Of the Iscor mainline locomotives, 39 were transferred to the South African Railways in that same year.

Distinguishing features

The Iscor locomotives were delivered with a fuel tank to cope with the lack of en route refuelling points on the Sishen-Saldanha line. To facilitate the larger fuel tank, the inter-bogie linkage found on all other South African U26C models was omitted on these locomotives. To maintain its lateral balance, a slab of metal was attached to each bogie in place of the removed linkage.
As built, the GE Classes, South African Class 34-400| and South African Class 34-900| locomotives were visually indistinguishable from each other. Many of the Class locomotives could be distinguished from the others by the air conditioning units mounted on their cab roofs, but not all of them were so equipped. When it was still a feature unique to them, they could also be distinguished by their running board-mounted handrails. All South African diesel-electric locomotives have their side handrails mounted along the upper edges of their long hoods. The ex Iscor Class, however, were equipped with additional removable running board-mounted handrails. Since these handrails are slide-fit into brackets welded onto the running boards, they are easily removed.
Since c. 2009, other mainline diesel-electric locomotive types also emerged from the Koedoespoort Transwerk shops with running board-mounted handrails after major overhauls.
At some stage during the mid-1980s, all Class, and locomotives had saddle filters installed across the long hood, mounted just to the rear of the screens behind the cab on the sides. Since then, Class locomotives could be distinguished from the older models by the absence of the saddle filter.

Electronic control system

Beginning in 2010, some locomotives were equipped with electronic fuel injection and GE "Brite Star" control systems. On some of the first locomotives to be so modified, externally visible evidence of the modification is a raised middle portion of the long hood.

Service

Changes in ownership

In 1977, all mainline rail operations on the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line was taken over from Iscor by the South African Railways. Between November 1977 and June 1978, 39 of the Iscor mainline locomotives were transferred to the SAR. They were initially designated "Class ex Iscor" and renumbered in the range from 34-501 to 34-539, but these units were also commonly referred to as Class from their SAR number range. This eventually became the accepted official classification.
Five locomotives were retained by Iscor to work at the Sishen mine, numbers G01 to G04 and 40D. These are now Kumba Iron Ore’s units numbers 01 to 05, with no. 40D having become Kumba no. 05.
The Douglas Colliery locomotives are now in Sheltam livery, initially as Sheltam numbers 5 and 6 and later renumbered to 2602 and 2603 respectively.

South African Railways service

While it is believed that they were for the most part renumbered from Iscor numbers to SAR numbers in sequence with their Iscor numbers, at least one locomotive has been observed as being out of sequence. No. 34-523 bore works plate no. 35265, identifying it as ex Iscor no. 5D. It can be presumed that no. 34-505 carried works plate GE 40402, which would make it ex Iscor no. 23D, but since the works plates have over time disappeared from most of these locomotives, this cannot be confirmed.
Until 2012, when they began to be replaced by new GE Class type C30ACi locomotives, most of the Class remained on the Sishen–Saldanha Orex line to haul ore from the open cast iron mines at Sishen near Kathu in the Northern Cape to the harbour at Saldanha in the Western Cape. Some also ended up being allocated to other depots at times. During the 1980s several were observed working goods and passenger trains between Port Elizabeth and Bloemfontein and between Beaufort West and Kimberley, still clad in their Iscor livery.

Mixed power working

On the Orex line, the GE Class 34 family of diesel-electric locomotives ran consisted to Class 9E and Class 15E electric locomotives to haul the 342-wagon iron ore trains. Each wagon has a 100-ton capacity and the trains are at least in length, powered by mixed consists of Class 9E and Class 15E electric and GE type U26C Class, South African Class 34-400|,, South African Class 34-900| and from 2012, GE type C30ACi Class diesel-electric locomotives. In South Africa, mixed electric and diesel-electric consists are unique to the iron ore line.
A Class 9E or Class 15E electric locomotive serves as the master of each mixed electric and diesel-electric consist, with a total of between nine and twelve locomotives per train, twelve being the maximum number allowed. Before the Class 15E was placed in service in 2010, motive power usually consisted of three sets of locomotives, each set made up of one or two Class 9E electrics and one or two Class 34 diesel-electrics, with each set’s leading electric locomotive controlling its respective set of diesel-electrics by means of a slimkabel. In effect, each ore train was made up of three separate 114-wagon trains consisted together with the locomotives of all three trains being controlled by means of a Locotrol radio distributed power control system by one crew in the leading electric locomotive. A typical train would therefore be made up of locomotive set A, 114 wagons, locomotive set B, 114 wagons, locomotive set C, and 114 wagons.
Some problems were experienced using this configuration and after a couple of major derailments, the locomotive configuration was changed to four sets, with locomotive set D initially made up of two Class 34 diesel-electric locomotives at the rear end of the train, pushing at between 40% and 50% of tractive power at all times, depending on the grades being traversed. The total maximum number allowed was still between nine and twelve locomotives per train.
As more Class 15Es were delivered and placed in service, Class 9E or Class 15E electrics replaced the pair of Class 34 diesel-electrics in set D. At the same time, the more powerful Classes 15E and also made it possible to use as few as seven locomotives per train, with locomotive sets A, B and C each made up of one Class 9E or 15E and one Class 34 or, and set D of a single Class 9E or 15E.

Works numbers

The Class builder’s works numbers, ownership changes and renumbering are listed in the table.
GE-DL
works no.		Year
built		Built
for		Original
no.		New
owner		New
no.
352611974-75Iscor1DSAR34-501
352621974-75Iscor2DSAR34-502
352631974-75Iscor3DSAR34-503
352641974-75Iscor4DSAR34-504
352651974-75Iscor5DSAR34-523
352661974-75Iscor6DSAR34-506
352671974-75Iscor7DSAR34-507
352681974-75Iscor8DSAR34-508
352691974-75Iscor9DSAR34-509
352701974-75Iscor10DSAR34-510
352711974-75Iscor11DSAR34-511
352721974-75Iscor12DSAR34-512
352731974-75Iscor13DSAR34-513
352741974-75Iscor14DSAR34-514
352751974-75Iscor15DSAR34-515
352761974-75Iscor16DSAR34-516
352771974-75Iscor17DSAR34-517
352781974-75Iscor18DSAR34-518
352791974-75Iscor19DSAR34-519
352801974-75Iscor20DSAR34-520
352811975IscorG01Kumba01
352821975IscorG02Kumba02
404001976-77Iscor21DSAR34-521
404011976-77Iscor22DSAR34-522
404021976-77Iscor23DSAR34-505
404031976-77Iscor24DSAR34-524
404041976-77Iscor25DSAR34-525
404051976-77Iscor26DSAR34-526
404061976-77Iscor27DSAR34-527
404071976-77Iscor28DSAR34-528
404081976-77Iscor29DSAR34-529
404091976-77Iscor30DSAR34-530
404101976-77Iscor31DSAR34-531
404111976-77Iscor32DSAR34-532
404121976-77Iscor33DSAR34-533
404131976-77Iscor34DSAR34-534
404141976-77Iscor35DSAR34-535
404151976-77Iscor36DSAR34-536
404161976-77Iscor37DSAR34-537
404171976-77Iscor38DSAR34-538
404181976-77Iscor39DSAR34-539
404191977Iscor40DKumba05
405701977IscorG03Kumba03
405711977IscorG04Kumba04
405781977DouglasD5Sheltam5/2602
405791977DouglasD6Sheltam6/2603

Liveries

The Class 34-500 were all delivered in an Iscor livery. After their transfer to the SAR, they were gradually repainted in the SAR Gulf Red livery with signal red buffer beams, yellow side stripes on the long hood sides and a yellow V on each end. In the 1990s some of the Class 34-500 units began to be repainted in the Spoornet orange livery with a yellow and blue chevron pattern on the buffer beams. At least one later received the Spoornet maroon livery. In the late 1990s most of them were repainted in the Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers on the long hood sides. After 2008 in the Transnet Freight Rail era, many were repainted in the TFR red, green and yellow livery.

Illustration

The main picture shows no. 34-530 in Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers. Some of the other liveries applied to Class locomotives are illustrated below.