Soncino Press is a Jewish publishing company based in the United Kingdom that has published a variety of books of Jewish interest, most notably English translations and commentaries to the Talmud and Hebrew Bible. The Soncino Hebrew Bible and Talmud translations and commentaries formerly were widely used in both Orthodox and Conservative synagogues decades ago. These translations and commentaries are mostly based on traditional Jewish sources. They accept the Bible as divine and the biblical history of The Exodus from Egypt and the giving of the Torah to Moses at biblical Mount Sinai as true, and had been generally regarded as Orthodox. Nonetheless, they tended to have some input from Christian and modern academic scholarship and tended not to treat rabbinical Midrash and Aggadah as fact. The Terms and Abbreviations page lists Authorized Version and Revised Version, both of which include New Testament; the latter term is found in Soncino's Talmud.
Acceptance
These works, which passed their half century over two decades ago, have seen their acceptance change. As Orthodox and Conservative Judaism have diverged in recent decades, they have tended to move to different Bible translations reflecting their increasingly different theological viewpoints.
Orthodox Jews are now more likely to use ArtScroll translations, which shun academic scholarship and treat Midrashic and Aggadic accounts, as well as the Biblical text, as literally true.
Conservative Judaism has moved in the opposite direction, publishing a commentary, the Etz Hayim Bible, which is considerably more liberal in tone, based on academic sources that accept the documentary hypothesis as the Bible's origin and question the accuracy of its accounts of Jewish history.
Nonetheless, Soncino books still retain a following, particularly among traditional Conservative and some Modern Orthodox Jews in the English-speaking world. A full page was devoted in The Jewish Press to the Soncino Classics Collection CD-ROM in 2003. No popular Jewish translation with Soncino's intermediate approach, combining traditionalist outlook and exegesis with openness towards Christian and academic scholarship, has appeared since. Additionally, because the Soncino publications were generally released without copyright notices at a time when notices were mandatory for establishment of copyright, the works were generally considered as public domain. Legally, however, this is no longer the case in the United States since 1994.
History
The firm is named for the Soncino family of Hebrew book printing pioneers. Based in Northern Italy, this family published the first-ever printed book in Hebrew type in 1483 and continued a string of printed editions of the Hebrew Bible, Talmud, and various rabbinical works until about 1547.The Soncino Books of the Bible is a set of Hebrew Bible commentaries, covering the whole Tanakh in fourteen volumes, published by the Soncino Press. The first volume to appear was Psalms in 1945, and the last was Chronicles in 1952. The series was edited by Abraham Cohen and the commentary was written by several rabbis including Cohen himself, Eli Cashdan, Harry Freedman and Israel Wolf Slotki . Each volume contains the Hebrew and English texts of the Hebrew Bible in parallel columns, with a running commentary below them. The Hebrew text in Psalms was originally that of Christian D. Ginsburg's earlier edition. This led to protests, since Ginsburg had converted to Christianity, so subsequent volumes used a copy of Meir Letteris' second edition of the Hebrew text. Both Hebrew texts are scrupulous versions of the Masoretic Text, so the differences between them are small. The English translation is the Jewish Publication Society of America Version of 1917.
First edition
The commentary in the first edition of the series drew mainly upon classical Jewish sources, but also drew upon the best of early-to-mid 20th century Bible scholarship, including the work of Christian expositors. The Soncino Chumash, covering the Torah and Haftaras, first published in 1947 and frequently reprinted has only the views of the most important medieval Jewish commentators, such as Abraham ibn Ezra, Rashi, Rashbam, Ramban, Sforno, Radak, and Ralbag, but no modern or Christian source references, so as not to duplicate the book The Pentateuch and Haftarahs edited by Chief Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz, also published by the Soncino Press.
Second edition
A second edition of all books other than the Soncino Chumash appeared in the 1990s, edited by Rabbi Abraham J. Rosenberg, who had previously done a Bible commentary for Judaica Press and a Mishnah commentary for Artscroll. In this edition, all work from historical scholars and Christian bible commentators has been removed; it has been replaced by additional references to the Midrash literature and medieval Jewish commentators.
Translations of classical works
Soncino Press also published a number of other classical works.
Soncino Talmud
The Soncino Talmud, subsequent to publishing the volumes for which it is known, released an index. The English section has concisely detailed numbered footnotes covering Jewish classical commentaries. A translation of the Minor Tractates was also published.
Others
Among many books on Jewish topics, both translations and original works, other Soncino works include:
Aramaic and English and commentary of the Soncino Talmud
Soncino Midrash Rabbah
Soncino Zohar
Soncino's Midrash Rabbah has brief commentaries in its footnotes. The Soncino Haggadah is a translation and commentary on the Haggadah by Cecil Roth with the Hebrew text of Koren Publishers.
