Softphone


A softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the Internet using a general purpose computer rather than dedicated hardware. The softphone can be installed on a piece of equipment such as a desktop, mobile device, or other computer and allows the user to place and receive calls without requiring an actual telephone set. Often, a softphone is designed to behave like a traditional telephone, sometimes appearing as an image of a handset, with a display panel and buttons with which the user can interact. A softphone is usually used with a headset connected to the sound card of the PC or with a USB phone.

Applications

See Comparison of VoIP software

Communication protocols

To communicate, both end-points must support the same voice-over-IP protocol, and at least one common audio codec.
Many service providers use the Session Initiation Protocol standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Skype, a popular service, uses proprietary protocols, and Google Talk leverages the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol.
Some softphones also support the Inter-Asterisk eXchange protocol, a protocol supported by the open-source software application Asterisk.

Features

A typical softphone has all standard telephony features and often additional features typical for online messaging, such as user presence indication, video, wide-band audio. Softphones provide a variety of audio codecs, a typical minimum set is G.711 and G.729.

Requirements

To make voice calls via the Internet, a user typically requires the following: